The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. bhag- 'to divide, apportion'

Semantic Field: to Divide

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	ysophagus	n	esophagus	W7
English:	baksheesh	n	tip, gratuity	AHD/W7
	bhakti	n	devotion to deity (Hinduism)	AHD/W7
	buckshee	n	windfall, gratuity	AHD/W7
	esophagus	n	muscular tube leading from pharynx to stomach	AHD/W7
	pagoda	n	Far Eastern tower erected as temple/memorial	AHD/W7
	-phage	n.sfx	one that eats	AHD/W7
	-phagous	adj	related to eating	AHD/W7
Italic
New Latin:	-phagia	n.sfx	eating	W7
Portuguese:	pagoda	n.fem	oriental idol, temple	W7
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	bogatъ	adj	rich	LRC
	bogatěti, bogatějǫ, bogatěješi	vb	to be rich	LRC
	bogъ	n.masc	god	LRC
	ubogъ	adj	poor, not rich	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	oisophagos	n.masc	esophagus	W7
	phagein	vb	to eat	W7
	-phagos	afx	who eats	W7
Iranian
Persian:	bakhshīdan	vb	to give	W7
	bakhshīsh	n	gift	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	bhakti	n	portion; devotion to a deity	W7
	bhájati	vb	to distribute, receive	RPN
Hindi:	bakhsis	n	gratuity, something extra obtained free	W7
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	pāk	n	part, portion	RPN
Tocharian B:	pāke	n	part, portion	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
afx	=	affix
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
sfx	=	suffix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)