The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Jonathan Slocum, Interim Director :: PCL 5.112, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: dā 'to share, divide'

Semantic Field: to Divide

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	bedǣlan, bidǣlde, bidǣled	vb.wk.I	to deprive, release	LRC
	dāl	n	portion, division	W7
	ordāl	n	ordeal	W7
	tīd	n.fem	time, period	LRC
	tīdan	vb	to happen, occur	AHD
	tīdung	n	tiding	W7
	tīma	n	time, date	W7
Middle English:	condemnen	vb	to condemn	W7
	damage	n	damage	W7
	dampnen	vb	to damn	W7
	demon	n	demon	W7
	dole	n	dole	W7
	firkin	n	firkin	W7
	ordal	n	ordeal	W7
	tide	n	time	W7
	tiden	vb	to tide	W7
	tiding	vb.ptc	occurring	AHD
	time	n	time	W7
English:	condemn	vb.trans	to censure, declare wrong	AHD/W7
	daimon	n	demon	AHD/W7
	damage	n	loss/harm resulting from injury	AHD/W7
	damn	vb	to condemn (to punishment), repudiate	AHD/W7
	deme	n	local government unit in ancient Attica	AHD/W7
	democracy	n	government by common people	AHD/W7
	demography	n	statistical human population study	AHD/W7
	demon	n	genius, attendant power/spirit	AHD/W7
	demos	n	populace, common people of ancient Greece	AHD/W7
	demotic	adj	popular	AHD/W7
	dole	n	allotted share/portion/destiny	AHD/W7
	endemic	adj	belonging/native to a people/country	AHD/W7
	epidemic	adj	affecting many at once	AHD/W7
	firkin	n	small wooden cask/vessel	AHD/W7
	geodesy	n	applied mathematics identifying exact positions/areas of earth's surface	AHD/W7
	indemnify	vb.trans	to secure against loss/damage	AHD/W7
	ordeal	n	primitive means to determine guilt/innocence	AHD/W7
	pandemic	adj	widespread, affecting large fraction of population	AHD/W7
	tide	n	time, season	AHD
	tide	n	period, space of time	AHD/W7
	tide	vb.intrans	to befall, betide	AHD/W7
	tiding	n	piece of news	AHD/W7
	time	n	period/duration when something exists/continues	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	irteilen	vb	to judge, distribute	W7
	teil	n	part	W7
	teilen	vb	to divide; render verdict	W7
	urteil	n	judgment	W7
	zīt	n	time	W7
Middle Dutch:	tiden	vb	to go, come	W7
	veerdel	n	quarter, lit. fourth-part	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	deila(d)	vb	to divide; quarrel, contend	LRC
	deili	n.neut.pl	details	LRC
	tīmi	n	time	W7
	tíð	n.masc	time	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	dáils	n.str.fem	share, portion	LRC
Italic
Latin:	condemno, condemnāre	vb	to condemn	W7
	daemon	n.masc	divinity, spirit (Greek word)	W7
	damno, damnāre	vb	to damage, condemn	W7
	damnum	n.neut	damage, loss, fine	W7
	indemnis	adj	unharmed	W7
Late Latin:	daemon	n.masc	evil spirit	W7
	democratia	n.fem	democracy	W7
	pandemus	adj	of all the people	W7
Old French:	condemner	vb	to condemn	W7
	dam	n.masc	damage	W7
	damage	n.masc	damage	W7
	dampner	vb	to doom, damage	W7
Middle French:	democratie	n.fem	democracy	W7
	epidemie	n.fem	epidemy, disease spreading among the people	W7
French:	démographie	n.fem	demography	W7
	endémie	n.fem	state of what never stops among the people	W7
	endémique	adj	never stopping among the people	W7
	épidémique	adj	epidemic, spreading among the people	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	geōdaisia	n.fem	geodesy	W7
	daiesthai	vb	to divide	W7
	δαΐζω	vb	to cleave asunder, slay, rend	RPN
	daimōn	n.masc	daimon, divinity	W7
	δαίω	vb	to divide	RPN
	dēmokratia	n.fem	democracy	W7
	dēmos	n.masc	people	W7
	δημοσίᾳ	adv	in public	LRC
	dēmotēs	n.masc	commoner	W7
	δημοτικός	adj	of the people, in common use	LRC
	endēmia	n.fem	action of dwelling among the people	W7
	endēmos	adj	endemic, among the people	W7
	epidēmia	n.fem	visit, epidemic	W7
	epidēmos	adj	visiting, epidemic	W7
	pandēmos	adj	of all the people	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	dáyati	vb	to divide, destroy	RPN
	dā́ti	vb	to cut, divide, reap	RPN
	dyáti	vb	to cut, divide, reap	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
ptc	=	participle
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)