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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: dem- 'to build; house'

Semantic Fields: to Build; House

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	timber	n	building, wood	W7
	timbran, timbrede, timbred	vb.wk.I	to build, construct	LRC
	toft	n	toft	W7
Middle English:	dame	n	lady, dam	W7
	Dan	prop.n	male given name	W7
	daunger	n	danger	W7
	dominioun	n	dominion	W7
	donjon	n	dungeon	W7
	madam	n	madam	W7
	timber	n	timber	W7
	toft	n	toft	W7
English:	belladonna	n	European poisonous plant	AHD/W7
	dame	n	woman of rank/station/authority	AHD/W7
	Dan	prop.n	male given name, dim. of Daniel	AHD/W7
	danger	n	jurisdiction	AHD/W7
	despot	n	Byzantine emperor/prince	AHD/W7
	Dom	prop.n	male given name, dim. of Dominic, used also as title	LRC
	domain	n	absolute ownership of land	AHD/W7
	dome	n	mansion, stately building	AHD/W7
	domestic	adj	re: household/family	AHD/W7
	domicile	n	house, abode, place of individual/family residence	AHD/W7
	dominate	vb	to rule	AHD/W7
	dominical	adj	re: Jesus Christ as Lord	AHD/W7
	dominie	n	pedagogue	AHD/W7
	dominion	n	sovereignty, supreme authority	AHD/W7
	domino	n	long loose hooded cloak, part of masquerade costume	AHD/W7
	don	n	Spanish nobleman/gentleman	AHD/W7
	dungeon	n	donjon (massive tower)	AHD/W7
	madam	n	lady	AHD/W7
	Madonna	prop.n	Christian title of the Virgin Mary, mother of Jesus	LRC
	predominate	vb	to prevail, exert controlling power/influence	AHD/W7
	timber	n	(wood from) growing trees	AHD/W7
	toft	n	site for dwelling and outbuildings	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	zimbar	n	room, wood	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	timbra, timbrað	vb	to timber, build, construct	LRC
	topt	n	a site for a homestead	W7
E-Germanic
Gothic:	timrjan	vb	to build (up)	LRC
Italic
Latin:	domesticus, domestica, domesticum	adj	domestic, of the house	LRC
	domicilium	n.neut	one's house	W7
	domina	n.fem	mistress, lady	W7
	dominicus	adj	of a lord	W7
	dominium	n.neut	domain, ownership	W7
	dominor, dominari, dominatus	vb	to rule, govern	W7
	dominus, domini	n.masc	lord, master	LRC
	domus, domī	n.fem	house, dwelling	LRC
	ēdomō, edomāre, edomuī, ēdomitum	vb	to conquer, subdue	LRC
Vulgar Latin:	dominiarium	n.neut	ownership	W7
Late Latin:	dominicalis	adj	of Sunday	W7
	dominicus	adj	of Sunday	W7
Medieval Latin:	dominio, dominionis	n.masc	lord	W7
	domnus	n.masc	master	W7
	domus	n.fem	church, house	W7
	praedominor, praedomināri	vb.dep	to predominate	W7
Italian:	belladònna	n.fem	belladonna, deadly nightshade	W7/CID
	duomo	n.masc	cathedral	W7
	Madonna	n.fem	the Madonna, Saint Mary, Lady (title of nobility)	W7
Old French:	dame	n.fem	mistress, lady	W7
	dongier, dangier	n.masc	danger, power, domination, fear	W7
Middle French:	Dan	n.masc	title of a member of a religious order	W7
	despote	n.masc	tyrant	W7
	domaine, demaine	n.masc	domain	W7
	domestique	adj	of the house	W7
	domicile	n.masc	one's house	W7
	dominion	n.masc	dominion, empire	W7
	donjon	n.masc	dungeon	W7
French:	dôme	n.masc	dome, cathedral	W7
	domino	n.masc	domino, board game	W7
Spanish:	don	n.masc	master	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	nãmas	n	house, dwelling	LRC
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	doma	adv	at home	LRC
	domašьnь	adj	belonging to the household, domestic	LRC
	domъ	n.masc	house	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	demein	vb	to build	W7
	despotēs	n.masc	despot, master	W7
	δῶμα	n.neut	house, home	LRC
Armenian
Classical Armenian:	tun	n	house	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	dam	n	house	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	dáma-	n	house	LRC
	dampati	n	lord of the house	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)