The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Jonathan Slocum, Interim Director :: PCL 5.112, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: deuk- 'to drag, pull'

Semantic Field: to Draw, Pull

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	tǣman	vb	to teem	W7
	tēag	n	tie	W7
	tēam	n	offspring, lineage	W7
	tēon, téah, tugon, togen	vb	to draw, pull, train	W7
	tīeman	vb	to teem	W7
	togian	vb	to pull	W7
Middle English:	conducen	vb	to conduct	W7
	conduit	n	conduit	W7
	ducat	n	ducat	W7
	duche	n	duchy	W7
	duchesse	n	duchess	W7
	duke	n	duke	W7
	educaten	vb	to rear	W7
	inducen	vb	to induce	W7
	producen	vb	to produce	W7
	reducen	vb	to lead back	W7
	teg, tye	n	tie	W7
	teme	n	theme	W7
	temen	vb	to teem	W7
	tought	adj	taut	W7
	towen	vb	to tow	W7
	tuggen	vb	to tug	W7
	wanton	n	wanton	W7
English:	abduct	vb.trans	to carry off (someone) by force	AHD/W7
	adduce	vb.trans	to offer as proof/reason/example in discussion/analysis	AHD/W7
	aqueduct	n	water conduit	AHD/W7
	condottiere	n	leader of European mercenary band	AHD/W7
	conduce	vb.intrans	to contribute, lead/tend to desirable result	AHD/W7
	conduct	n	guide, escort	AHD/W7
	deduce	vb.trans	to trace course of	AHD/W7
	deduct	vb.trans	to subtract, take away (amount from total)	AHD/W7
	doge	n	chief magistrate in Venice/Genoa	AHD/W7
	douche	n	water jet/current directed against/into body part/cavity	AHD/W7
	ducal	adj	re: duke(dom)	AHD/W7
	ducat	n	European gold coin	AHD/W7
	duce	n	leader	AHD/W7
	duchess	n	wife of duke/woman holding ducal title	AHD/W7
	duchy	n	dukedom, territory of duke/duchess	AHD/W7
	duct	n	body tube/vessel, esp. carrying gland secretion	AHD/W7
	ductile	adj	capable of being reshaped	AHD/W7
	duke	n	sovereign ruler of European duchy	AHD/W7
	educate	vb.trans	to provide schooling for	AHD/W7
	educe	vb.trans	to bring out (e.g. something latent)	AHD/W7
	induce	vb.trans	to lead/move by persuasion/influence	AHD/W7
	introduce	vb.trans	to lead/bring in, esp. for first time	AHD/W7
	produce	vb	to exhibit, offer for view/notice	AHD/W7
	redoubt	n	small enclosed temporary defensive work	AHD/W7
	reduce	vb	to consolidate, draw together/cause to converge	AHD/W7
	seduce	vb	to persuade to disobey	AHD/W7
	taut	adj	tightly drawn, not slack	AHD/W7
	team	n	race, lineage	AHD/W7
	teem	vb	to produce/bring forth/give birth	AHD/W7
	tie	n	line/ribbon/cord used to close/fasten/unite something	AHD/W7
	tow	vb.trans	to haul, draw/pull behind	AHD/W7
	traduce	vb.trans	to defame, disgrace, lower reputation of	AHD/W7
	transducer	n	device, powered by system 1, supplying different power to system 2	AHD/W7
	tug	vb	to pull hard	AHD/W7
	wanton	adj	unruly, undisciplined	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	ziohan	vb	to draw, pull	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	taug	n	rope	W7
	toga(ð)	vb	to tug, pull	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	gatiuhan	vb.str.II	to lead, to bring	LRC
Italic
Latin:	abduco, abducere, abduxi, abductus	vb	to lead away, carry off, abduct	W7
	adduco, adducere	vb	to lead to	W7
	aquaeductus	n.masc	aqueduct	W7
	conduco, conducere, conduxi, conductus	vb	to lead, drive	W7
	deduco, deducere, deduxi, deductus	vb	to lead away, subtract	W7
	dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductum	vb	to lead, consider	LRC
	ductilis, ductile	adj	ductile	W7
	ductio, ductionis	n.fem	act of leading	W7
	ductus	n.masc	act of leading; aqueduct	W7
	dux, ducis	n.masc	leader	LRC
	ēdūcō, ēdūcāre, ēdūcāvī, ēdūcātus	vb	to draw out, educate	W7
	indūcō, indūcere	vb	to lead in	W7
	intrōdūcō, intrōdūcere	vb	to introduce	W7
	prōdūcō, prōdūcere	vb	to lead forward	W7
	redūcō, redūcere, redūxī, reductus	vb	to lead back, restore	W7
	sēdūcō, sēdūcere, sēdūxī, sēductus	vb	to lead away	W7
	seductio	n.fem	act of leading aside, seduction	W7
	subdūcō, subdūcere	vb	to withdraw	W7
	trādūcō, trādūcere	vb	to lead/carry across, bring through	W7
	trānsdūcō, trānsdūcere	vb	to lead/carry across, bring through	W7
Late Latin:	ducalis	adj	of a leader	W7
Medieval Latin:	reductus	n.masc	secret place	W7
Old Italian:	duca	n.masc	doge	W7
	ducato	n.masc	coin with the doge's portrait on it	W7
Italian:	condottiere	n.masc	captain, soldier	W7/CID
	doccia	n.fem	water pipe, spout	W7/CID
	docciare	vb	to shower	W7
	doccione	n.masc	conduit, large water-pipe	W7/CID
	Duce	n.masc	the leader, title of Benito Mussolini	W7
	ridotto	n.masc	resort, retreat	W7
Old French:	conduit	n.masc	act of leading, escort	W7
	duc	n.masc	duke	W7
Middle French:	duc	n.masc	duke	W7
	ducal	adj	of the duke	W7
	ducat	n.masc	coin	W7
	duché	n.masc	duchy	W7
	duchesse	n.fem	duchess	W7
	ductile	adj	ductile	W7
	séduction	n.fem	seduction	W7
French:	douche	n.fem	shower	W7
	redoute	n.fem	redoubt	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	Δευκαλίων	n.masc	Deucalion	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
II	=	class 2
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)