The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Jonathan Slocum, Interim Director :: PCL 5.112, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

Pokorny Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: dus- 'bad, foul, evil'

Semantic Fields: Bad; Demon, Evil Spirit

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	du-, do-	pfx	ill-, un-, mis-	RPN
English
Old English:	tō-, te-	pfx	apart	W7
Middle English:	dis-	pfx	bad, difficult	W7
English:	dys-	pfx	abnormal	AHD/W7
E-Germanic
Gothic:	tuz-	pfx	ill-, un-, mis-	RPN
Italic
Latin:	dys-	pfx	bad	W7
Middle French:	dis-	pfx	bad, difficult	W7
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	dъž-	pfx	ill-, un-, mis-	RPN
Hellenic
Greek:	δυσ-	pfx	ill-, un-, mis-	RPN
Armenian
Armenian:	t-	pfx	ill-, un-, mis-	RPN
Iranian
Avestan:	duš-, duž-	pfx	ill-, un-, mis-	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	dúṣyati	vb	to turn bad, be defiled	RPN
	dus-, dur-	pfx	bad, difficult, ill-, un-, mis-	W7
	doṣa-ḥ	n	crime, vice, want	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
n	=	noun
pfx	=	prefix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)