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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: dheg^u̯h- 'to burn'

Semantic Field: to Burn, Scorch

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	daig	n	fire	GED
	dega	n.gen	fire	GED
Middle Irish:	daig	n	fire	RPN
English
Old English:	ān-daga	n.wk.masc	fixed day	GED
	dæg	n.str.masc	day	GED
	dōgor	n.str.neut	day	GED
Middle English:	fomenten	vb	to foment	W7
English:	foment	vb.trans	to bathe with warm water/medicated liquid	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	Dagi-bert	prop.n	Dagibert	GED
	gaburti-tago	n.wk.masc	birthday	GED
	mahal-tago	n.wk.masc	fixed day	GED
	siech-tage	n.wk.masc	sickness	GED
	tac	n.str.masc	day	GED
Old Saxon:	dag	n.str.masc	day	GED
	ēn-dago	n.wk.masc	lit. death day	GED
Middle Low German:	sūke-dage	n.wk.masc	sickness, lit. sick-day	GED
Old Frisian:	dei	n.str.masc	day	GED
N-Germanic
Runic:	-dagr	prop.n	day	GED
Old Icelandic:	dagr	n.str.masc	day	GED
	døgr, døgn	n.neut	half-day (12 hrs.)	GED
	ein-dagi	n.wk.masc	fixed day	GED
	māl-dagi	n.wk.masc	fixed day	GED
E-Germanic
Gothic:	*Dagis-þius	prop.n	Dagisthius	GED
	dags	n.str.masc	day	GED
	fidur-dogs	adj	on the 4th day	GED
Crimean Gothic:	tag	n	day	GED
Italic
Latin:	favilla	n	ashes	GED
	febris	n	fever	RPN
	fomentum	n.neut	fomentation	W7
	foveō, fovēre, fōvī, fōtum	vb	to warm (up), favor, cherish	LRC
Late Latin:	fomento, fomentāre	vb	to prepare, conspire	W7
Baltic
Old Prussian:	dagis	n	summer	GED
Lithuanian:	dãgas, dagà	n	heat, sultry harvest time	GED
	degù, dègti	vb	to burn	RPN
Latvian:	dęgu	vb	to burn	GED
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	žegǫ, žešti	vb	to burn, ignite	RPN
Albanian
Albanian:	djeg	vb	to burn (up)	GED
Hellenic
Ionic:	τέφρη	n	(burning) ashes	RPN
Greek:	τέφρα	n	ashes	GED
Iranian
Avestan:	azan-	n	day	GED
	dažaiti	vb	to burn	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	áhar, áhan-, áhas-	n	day	GED
	dáhati	vb	to burn, consume by fire	GED
	dāhas	n	burning, heat	GED
	ni-dāghás	n	heat, summer	GED
Pali:	dahati	vb	to burn, roast	RPN
	dahana-	n	fire, burning	RPN
Hindi:	dahnā	vb	to burn, be burnt	RPN
Sindhi:	da(h)o	n	sun, strong light of fire	RPN
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	tsāk-	vb	to shine, give light	RPN
	tsäk-	vb	to burn	GED
Tocharian B:	tsäk-	vb	to burn (up)	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
gen	=	genitive (case)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)