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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: dhei̯ə- : dhi̯ā- : dhī- 'to look, see, show'

Semantic Fields: to Look; to See; to Show

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	theatre	n	theater	W7
English:	polysemous	adj	having multiple meanings	AHD/W7
	semantic	adj	re: semantics	AHD/W7
	semantics	n	meaning in language	LRC
	semaphore	n	apparatus for visual signaling	AHD/W7
	semasiology	n	study of semantics	AHD/W7
	sematic	adj	warning of danger	AHD/W7
	sememe	n	meaning expressed by morpheme	AHD
	semiology	n	science/study of signs	AHD
	semiotic	adj	re: semiotics	AHD
	semiotics	n	theory of signs/symbols	AHD/W7
	theater	n	place/building for dramatic performances	W7
	zazen	n	seated meditation	AHD
	Zen	prop.n	sect of Mahayana Buddhism	AHD/W7
	zen	n	religious meditation	LRC
British English:	theatre	n	theater	LRC
W-Germanic
German:	Theater	n	theater	TLL
N-Germanic
Danish:	teater	n	theater	TLL
Swedish:	teater	n	theater	TLL
Italic
Latin:	theātrum	n.neut	theater	CLD
Late Latin:	polysemus	adj	polysemous	W7
Old French:	theatre	n	theater	LRC
Middle French:	theatre	n	theater	W7
Hellenic
Doric:	σᾶμα	n	sign, mark, token	RPN
Greek:	θαυμάζω	vb	to wonder	LRC
	θεάομαι	vb	to gaze at	LS
	θέᾱτρον	n	theatre; place for seeing	LS
	θεωρέω	vb	to see, view	LRC
	θωμαστός	adj	wonderful	LRC
	polysēmos	adj	polysemous	W7
	sēma, sēmatos	n.neut	sign	W7
	sēmainein	vb	to mean, signify	W7
	sēmasia	n.fem	meaning	W7
	σημεῖον	n.neut	sign, miracle	LRC
	sēmeiousthai	vb	to interpret signs	W7
	sēmeiōtikos	adj	significant, observant of signs	W7
Iranian
Avestan:	daēman-	n	eye	RPN
	dā(y)-	vb	to see	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	dī́dheti	vb	to think, reflect, perceive	RPN
	dhyāti	vb	to think, meditate	W7
	dhyā́yati	vb	to think, contemplate	RPN
Pali:	jhāna	n	zen, thinking	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CLD	=	Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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