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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: dhrebh- 'to drub, crush, grind to pieces'

Semantic Fields: to Hit, Strike, Beat; to Grind

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	drepan	vb	to drub	CDC
Middle English:	draf	n	husks, grains	GED
	drepen	vb	to drub, kill	CDC
English:	drub	vb	to beat, strike	CDC
W-Germanic
Middle Dutch:	draf	n	husks, grains	GED
Dutch:	treffen	vb	to drub	ASD
Old High German:	*trab	n	husks, grains	GED
	tref(f)an	vb	to drub, touch	CDC/ASD
Middle High German:	triffen	vb	to drub	ASD
German:	treffen	vb	to drub	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	drepa	vb	to drub, smite, kill, slay	LRC
Old Icelandic:	blōð-drefjar	n.fem.pl	lit. blood-spattering	GED
	draf	n	husks	GED
	drafna	vb	to disintegrate	GED
Icelandic:	drepa	vb	to drub, hit	ASD
Danish:	dræbe	vb	to drub, kill, slay	CDC
Swedish:	drabba	vb	to drub, hit	CDC
	dræpa	vb	to kill, slay	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	*ga-draban	vb.str.VI	to hew out	GED
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	drobiti	vb	to break up	GED
Russian:	drob	n.fem	fragment	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
VI	=	class 6
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
pl	=	plural (number)
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin

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