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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: dhug(h)əter- 'daughter'

Semantic Field: Daughter

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	dohtor/dōhtur/dōhter	n.fem	daughter	GED/ASD
Middle English:	doughter	n	daughter	W7
English:	daughter	n	female (human) child	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	dochter	n.fem	daughter	GED
Frisian:	doayter/dochter	n	daughter	ASD
Dutch:	dochter	n.fem	daughter	ASD
Old Saxon:	dohtar/dohter/dohtor	n.fem	daughter	GED/ASD
Old High German:	tochter	n.str.fem	daughter	GED
	tohter/tohtar	n.fem	daughter	W7/ASD
Middle High German:	tohter	n.fem	daughter	ASD
German:	Tochter	n.fem	daughter	ASD
N-Germanic
Runic:	dohtriz	n.fem.pl	daughters	GED
Old Norse:	dóttir	n.fem	daughter	LRC
Old Icelandic:	dōttir	n.fem	daughter	GED
Icelandic:	dōttir	n.fem	daughter	ASD
Danish:	datter	n.fem	daughter	ASD
Swedish:	dotter	n.fem	daughter	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	dauhtar	n.fem	daughter	GED
Italic
Oscan:	futir	n.fem	daughter	GED
Baltic
Old Prussian:	duckti	n.fem	daughter	GED
Lithuanian:	duktė	n.fem	daughter	GED
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	dъšti, dъšter	n.fem	daughter	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	θυγάτηρ	n.fem	daughter	LRC
Armenian
Armenian:	dustr	n.fem	daughter	GED
Iranian
Avestan:	duγðar	n.fem	daughter	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	duhitā́	n.fem	daughter	GED
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	tkācer	n.fem	daughter	GED
Tocharian A:	ckācar	n.fem	daughter	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
pl	=	plural (number)
str	=	strong (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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