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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: eg̑-, eg̑(h)om, eg̑ō 'ego, I (pronoun)'

Semantic Field: Human Being

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ic	pron.1.sg	I	LRC
Middle English:	I	pron.1.sg	I	W7
English:	ego	n	self (vs. another)	AHD/W7
	egoist	n	believer in egoism	AHD
	egotism	n	excessive use of 'I/my'	AHD/W7
	I	pron.1.sg	(re:) self	AHD/W7
	idiotism	n	excessive use of 'I/my'	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	ik	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Dutch:	ik	pron.1.sg	I	TLL
Old Saxon:	ic/ik	pron.1.sg	I	GED/ASD
Old High German:	ih(ha)	pron.1.sg	I	GED
German:	ich	pron.1.sg	I	ASD
N-Germanic
Runic:	ek(a)	pron.1.sg	I	GED
	-ga	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Old Icelandic:	ek	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Icelandic:	ek	pron.1.sg	I	ASD
Danish:	jeg	pron.1.sg	I	ASD
Swedish:	jag	pron.1.sg	I	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	ik	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Crimean Gothic:	ich	pron.1.sg	I	CGo
Italic
Venetic:	eχo	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Latin:	ego	pron.1.sg	I	LRC
Italian:	io	pron.1.sg	I	TLL
Baltic
Old Prussian:	as/es	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Old Lithuanian:	eš	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Lithuanian:	àš	pron.1.sg	I	LRC
Latvian:	es	pron.1.sg	I	LRC
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	(j)azъ	pron.1.sg	I	LRC
Russian:	ya	pron.1.sg	I	TLL
Hellenic
Greek:	ἐγώ	pron.1.sg	I	LRC
Anatolian
Hittite:	uk/uga	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Armenian
Classical Armenian:	es	pron.1.sg	I	LRC
Iranian
Old Persian:	adam	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Avestan:	azem	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	ahám	pron.1.sg	I	GED
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	ñuk	pron.1.sg	I	GED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
1	=	1st person
n	=	noun
pron	=	pronoun
sg	=	singular (number)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CGo	=	MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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