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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ek̑u̯o-s 'horse'

Semantic Field: Horse (generic)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Welsh:	ebol	n	foal	LRC
Old Irish:	ech	n	horse	LRC
English
Old English:	eoh	n.masc	horse	W7
English:	eohippus	n	small 4-toed Lower Eocene horse of N. America	AHD/W7
	equestrian	adj	re: horseback riding	AHD/W7
	equine	adj	re: horse	AHD/W7
	equitant	adj	overlapping transversely at base	AHD/W7
	hippocampus	n	curved elongated ridge in lateral ventricle of brain	AHD/W7
	Hippocrene	prop.n	fountain on Mt. Helicon, sacred to the Muses (Greek mythology)	LRC
	hippodrome	n	oval stadium for horse/chariot races	AHD/W7
	hippogriff	n	legendary animal with griffin foreparts and on horse body	AHD/W7
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	jōr	n	horse	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	aíƕa-	n	horse	LRC
Italic
Latin:	eques, equitis	n.masc	horseman, knight	LRC
	equester	adj	of a horseman	W7
	equinus	adj	of a horse	W7
	equito, equitare	vb	to ride on horseback	W7
	equus	n.masc	horse	W7
	hippo-	pfx	horse	W7
	Hippocrene	n.fem	Hippocrene, a fountain	W7
	hippodromos	n.masc	hippodrome	W7
New Latin:	eohippus	n.masc	four-toed horse	W7
	hippocampus	n.masc	part of the brain	W7
Italian:	ippo-	pfx	horse	W7
	ippogrifo	n.masc	hippogriff	W7
Middle French:	hippodrome	n.masc	hippodrome	W7
French:	hippogriffe	n.masc	hippogriff	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	ašvà	n	mare	LRC
Hellenic
Mycenaean:	ι-θο	n	horse	LRC
Greek:	ἱππεύς	n.masc	horseman	LRC
	hippodromos	n.masc	hippodrome	W7
	hippokampos	n.masc	sea horse	W7
	Hippokrēnē	prop.n.fem	Hippocrene	W7
	ἵππος	n.masc	horse	LRC
Anatolian
Luwian:	á-sù-wa	n	horse	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	aspa-	n	horse	LRC
Old Persian:	asa-	n	horse	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	áśva-	n	horse	LRC
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	yuk	n	horse	LRC
Tocharian B:	yakwe	n	horse	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pfx	=	prefix
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)