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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: eng^u̯-, n̥g^u̯ḗn 'bump, swelling'

Semantic Field: Form, Shape (n)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	inguinal	adj	re: groin/lowest lateral abdomenal region	AHD/W7
	lymphadenitis	n	lymph gland inflammation	AHD/W7
	mesonephros	n	middle embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate	AHD/W7
	metanephros	n	posterior embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate	AHD/W7
	nephron	n	single excretory unit of vertebrate kidney	AHD/W7
	perinephrium	n	fatty connective tissue surrounding kidney	AHD
	pronephros	n	anterior embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate	AHD/W7
	sialadenitis	n	salivary gland inflammation	AHD
W-Germanic
Dutch:	nier	n	kidney	TLL
German:	Nephron	n	nephron	W7
	Niere	n	kidney	TLL
N-Germanic
Danish:	nyre	n	kidney	TLL
Swedish:	njure	n	kidney	TLL
Italic
Latin:	inguinalis	adj	of the groin	W7
	lympha	n	water goddess	W7
New Latin:	lymph-	pfx	water	W7
	lymphaden	n.neut	lymph gland	W7
	lymphadenitis	n.fem	inflammation of lymph glands	W7
	mesonephros	n.masc	middle embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate	W7
	metanephros	n.masc	posterior embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate	W7
	pronephros	n.masc	anterior embryonic renal organ in higher vertebrate	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	nephros	n.masc	kidney	W7
	νψμπηε̄	n	nymph	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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