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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

Fans of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings may appreciate the source & meaning tips that pop up when the mouse pointer hovers over a non-obvious word or name that he coined from Indo-European (usually Old English or Old Norse) stock. But only reflexes of PIE etyma can be included, and these tend to concentrate in the vocabulary of Rohan and the Shire.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: en(o)mn̥-, (o)nomn̥, nōmn̥ 'name'

Semantic Field: Name

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Shelta:	munik	n	name, moniker	AHD
English
Old English:	nama	n.wk.masc	name	LRC
	nemn(i)an, nemde, nemed	vb.wk.I	to name, call	ASD
Middle English:	misnoumer	n	misnomer	W7
	name	n	name	W7
	nominalle	adj	nominal	W7
	nowne	n	noun	W7
	pronom	n	pronoun	W7
	renown	n	renown	W7
English:	acronym	n	word formed by first letters of name	AHD
	agnomen	n	additional honorific cognomen	AHD/W7
	allonym	n	another name assumed by author	AHD/W7
	anonymous	adj	having/giving no name	AHD/W7
	antonomasia	n	substitution of title/epithet for name	AHD
	binomial	n	two mathematical terms connected by +/- sign	AHD/W7
	cognomen	n	surname	AHD/W7
	denominate	vb.trans	to designate, give name to	AHD/W7
	eponym	n	person for whom thing is (supposedly) named	AHD/W7
	eponymous	adj	re: eponym	AHD
	euonymus	n	evergreen shrub/vine/small tree of staff tree family	AHD/W7
	homonymous	adj	ambiguous, having same name	AHD/W7
	ignominy	n	deep personal disgrace/humiliation	AHD/W7
	matronymic/metronymic	adj/n	(re:) maternal ancestor's name	AHD
	metonymy	n	figure of speech: use of one thing's name for another	AHD/W7
	misnomer	n	misnaming of person in legal document	AHD/W7
	moni(c)ker	n.sl	personal name/nickname	AHD
	name	n	distinctive designation of person/thing	AHD/W7
	Nameless	prop.n	a.k.a. Sauron in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings	LRC
	nominal	adj	re: word/expression taking noun construction	AHD/W7
	nominate	vb.trans	to name, designate	AHD/W7
	noun	n	word referring to person/place/thing	AHD/W7
	onomastic	adj	re: name(s)	AHD/W7
	-onym	n.sfx	name, word	AHD/W7
	paronomasia	n	pun, play on words	AHD/W7
	paronymous	adj	conjugate	AHD/W7
	patronymic	adj/n	(re:) paternal ancestor's name	AHD/W7
	praenomen	n	first name (usu. of three) of ancient Roman	AHD/W7
	pronoun	n	short word used as substitute for noun	AHD/W7
	pseudonym	n	fictitious name	AHD/W7
	renown	n	fame, being widely acclaimed/highly honored	AHD/W7
	synonym	n	word having same/similar meaning	LRC
	synonymous	adj	having same/similar meaning	AHD
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	noma	n	name	ASD
Dutch:	naam	n	name	LRC
Old Saxon:	namo	n	name	ASD
	nemnian	vb	to name, call	ASD
Old High German:	namo	n	name	W7
	nemnian	vb	to name, call	ASD
German:	Name	n.masc	name	LRC
	Nomen	n.neut	noun	LRC
	Pronomen	n.neut	pronoun	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	nafn	n.neut	name	LRC
Icelandic:	nafn	n	name	ASD
	nefna	vb	to name, call	ASD
Danish:	navn	n	name	LRC
Swedish:	namn	n	name	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	namnjan	vb	to name, call	ASD
	namō	n.wk.neut	name	LRC
Italic
Latin:	agnomen	n.neut	additional honorific name	W7
	agnosco, agnoscere, agnōvi, agnītum	vb	to recognize, know again	AHD/CLD
	antonomasia	n	antonomasia	AHD
	binominis	adj	having two names	W7
	cognomen	n.neut	nickname	W7
	denomino, denominare, denominavi, denominatus	vb	to name	W7
	euonymos	n.fem	spindle tree	W7
	homonymus	adj	having the same name	W7
	ignominia	n.fem	ignominy	W7
	ignoro, ignorāre	vb	to be ignorant of, ignore	W7
	metonymia	n.fem	metonymy	W7
	nomen, nominis	n.neut	name, repute	LRC
	nominalis	adj	of a name	W7
	nōmino, nōminare, nōnināvī, nōminātus	vb	to name	W7
	paronomasia	n.fem	paronomasia	W7
	praenomen, praenominis	n.neut	first name	W7
	pronomen, pronominis	n.neut	pronoun	W7
Late Latin:	anōnymus	adj	anonymous	AHD
	patronymicum	n.neut	patronymic, name of father	W7
	patronymicus	adj	patronymic	W7
Medieval Latin:	binomium	n.neut	binome, having two names	W7
	binomius	adj	having two names	W7
	nominalis	adj	nominal, in name	W7
New Latin:	binomium	n.neut	binomial	W7
	euonymus	adj	well-named	W7
Old French:	nom	n.masc	noun, name	W7
	nomer	vb	to name	W7
	renomer	vb	to celebrate	W7
	renon	n.masc	glory, renown	W7
Anglo-French:	noun	n.masc	name, noun	W7
Middle French:	ignominie	n.fem	ignominy	W7
	mesnommer	vb	to misname	W7
	nommer	vb	to name	W7
French:	allonyme	adj	allonym, bearing another name	W7
	-onyme	n.sfx	name	W7
	pseudonyme	n.masc	pseudonym, false name	W7
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	imę	n.neut	name	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	antonomazein	vb	to name instead	AHD
	anōnymos	adj	without a name	W7
	ἐπωνυμία	n.fem	name, designation	LRC
	epōnymos	adj	eponymous	W7
	euōnymos	adj	having an auspicious name	W7
	metōnymia	n.fem	metonymy	W7
	homōnymos	adj	having the same name	W7
	ὄνομα	n.neut	name	LRC
	ὀνομάζειν	vb	to speak of by name; to name	LRC
	ὀνομασία	n.fem	language	LRC
	onomastikos	adj	of names	W7
	paronomazein	vb	to call with a slight change of name, to derive	W7
	paronomasia	n.fem	paronomasia, making of words by slight change, derivation	W7
	parōnymos	n.neut	paronymous	W7
	patronymia	n.fem	patronymic	W7
	patronymikos	adj	patronymic	W7
	pseudōnymos	adj	bearing a false name	W7
	-ōnymia	sfx	name	W7
	-ōnymos	sfx	name	W7
Armenian
Classical Armenian:	anun	n	name	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
sfx	=	suffix
sl	=	slang
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CLD	=	Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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