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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: g̑eus- 'to taste, enjoy'

Semantic Fields: to Taste (subj); to Taste (obj)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	asagussi	vb	to wish	LRC
English
Old English:	cēosan	vb	to choose	W7
	wælcyrige	n	witch	W7
Middle English:	chois	n	choice	W7
	chosen	vb	to choose	W7
	guste	n	gust	W7
English:	choice	n	selection, act of choosing	AHD/W7
	choose	vb	to select after consideration	AHD/W7
	degust	vb.trans	to savor, taste	AHD/W7
	disgust	vb	to be offensive, provoke loathing/aversion/repugnance	AHD/W7
	gust	n	sensation of taste	AHD/W7
	gustation	n	act/sensation of tasting	AHD/W7
	gusto	n	liking, taste	AHD/W7
	ragout	n	well-seasoned meat/vegetables cooked in thick sauce	AHD/W7
	Valkyrie	prop.n	maiden of Odin: chooses hero to be slain, guides him to Valhalla (Norse mythology)	LRC
W-Germanic
Old High German:	kiosan	vb	to choose, taste	W7
German:	Walküre	prop.n	lit. chooser of slain	W7
Old Saxon:	kiosan	vb	to choose, taste	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	kostr	n.masc	choice, alternative; chance, opportunity	LRC
	Valkyrie	prop.n	Valkyrie, minor divinity (Norse mythology)	W7
Old Icelandic:	kjósa	vb	to choose	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	kiusan	vb	to test	LRC
Italic
Latin:	degusto, degustare	vb	to taste	W7
	gustatio, gustationis	n.fem	sense of taste	W7
	gustō, gustāre, gustāvī, gustātus	vb	to taste	W7
	gustus	n.masc	taste	W7
Old French:	chois	n	choice	W7
Middle French:	desgouster	vb	to dislike taste of something	W7
	goust	n.masc	taste	W7
French:	ragoût	n.masc	stew	W7
	ragoûter	vb	to revive taste, stir the appetite	W7
Spanish:	gusto	n.masc	taste	W7
Albanian
Albanian:	desha	vb.pret	I loved	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	γεύομαι	vb	to taste	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	zaoš-	vb	to taste	LRC
Old Persian:	dauš	vb	to taste	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	jṓṣati	vb	to taste	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pret	=	preterite (tense)
prop	=	proper
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)