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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ghe-, gho- (enclitic (emphatic?) particle)

Semantic Field: Word

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	encore	n	(demand by audience for) repetition/reappearance	AHD/W7
	Occitan	prop.n	Provençal: Romance language of Occitania	AHD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	sik	refl.pron	himself, herself, oneself	LRC
Italic
Latin:	hic, haec, hoc	dem.pron	this, there	LRC
	hodiē	adv	today	TLL
Portuguese:	aqui	adv	here	TLL
	hoje	adv	today	TLL
Spanish:	aquí	adv	here	TLL
	hoy	adv	today	TLL
French:	encore	adv	more, again, encore	W7
	hui	adv	today	TLL
Italian:	oggi	adv	today	TLL
Hellenic
Greek:	γε	pcl	indeed	LRC
	οὐχί	pcl	not	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adv	=	adverb(ial)
dem	=	demonstrative
n	=	noun
pcl	=	particle
pron	=	pronoun
prop	=	proper
refl	=	reflexive

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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