The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ghou̯(ē)- 'to gawk, be aware of, pay attention to'

Semantic Field: to Know

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	gī(e)man/gēman/gȳman	vb.wk	to take care/notice of	RPN/ASD
	gīeme	n	care	RPN
Middle English:	favor	n	favor	W7
	gawen	vb	to gawk, gape	AHD
English:	favor	n	appearance	AHD/W7
	favorite	n	something treated/regarded with special favor/liking	AHD/W7
	gawk	adj	left-handed	AHD/W7
	gawk	n	oaf, lout	AHD/W7
	gawk	vb	to gape/stare	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Saxon:	gōma	n	entertainment	RPN
	gōmian	vb	to guard	RPN
Old High German:	gouma	n	attentiveness; banquet	RPN
	goumōn	vb	to foresee/care for/entertain guests	RPN
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	gaumr	n.masc	heed, attention	LRC
	gā	vb	to heed, observe	AHD
Old Icelandic:	gá	vb	to heed, observe	RPN
	geyma	vb	to heed, mind	RPN
	geymdir	n	heed, attention	RPN
	guma	vb	to heed, pay attention to	RPN
Icelandic:	geyma	vb	to take care/notice of, heed	ASD
Danish:	gjemme	vb	to take care/notice of, heed	ASD
Swedish:	gömma	vb	to take care/notice of, heed	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	gáumjan	vb.wk.I	to observe, perceive, see	LRC
Italic
Latin:	faveo, favēre	vb	to favor, help, support	RPN
	favor	n.masc	favor, sympathy	W7
French:	faveur	n.fem	favor, friendly regard	W7
Italian:	favore	n.masc	favor	W7
	favorire	vb	to favor	W7
	favorito	n.masc	favorite, pet	W7
Slavic
Czech:	hověju	vb	to care for, favor	RPN
Old Church Slavonic:	govějǫ, gověti	vb	to honor, worship	RPN
Russian:	govet’	vb	to fast/attend service before sacraments	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next