Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English
gloss; our Semantic Field
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical
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Pokorny Etymon: ghreib- 'to grab, grip'
Semantic Field: to Seize, Grasp, Take Hold of
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||||||
| Old English: | grāpian | vb | to grope | W7 | ||||
| grīpan, grāp, gripon, gripen | vb.str.I | to grasp, seize | LRC | |||||
| grippan | vb | to grip | W7 | |||||
| Middle English: | gripen | vb | to gripe | W7 | ||||
| grippen | vb | to grip | W7 | |||||
| gropen | vb | to grope | W7 | |||||
| English: | grip | vb.trans | to seize firmly | AHD/W7 | ||||
| gripe | vb | to grip, seize | AHD/W7 | |||||
| grippe | n | influenza: acute contagious febrile viral disease | AHD/W7 | |||||
| grope | vb | to feel about blindly/uncertainly in search | AHD/W7 | |||||
| W-Germanic | ||||||||
| Old High German: | grīfan | vb | to grasp | W7 | ||||
| Italic | ||||||||
| French: | grippe | n.fem | influenza, flu | W7 | ||||
| Baltic | ||||||||
| Lithuanian: | griebti | vb | to seize, snatch, hold | W7/LD | ||||
| Latvian: | gribēt, gribu, gribēju | vb | to want | LRC | ||||
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I | = | class 1 |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LD | = | Bronius Piesarskas and Bronius Svecevicius: Lithuanian Dictionary (1994) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |