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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: g^u̯ei̯ə- 'to prevail, overpower, be mighty'

Semantic Field: Strong, Mighty, Powerful

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ācwencan	vb.wk	to quench	IEW/ASD
Middle English:	quenchen	vb	to quench	W7
English:	Jain	prop.n	adherent of Jainism	LRC
	Jainism	prop.n	Indic religion espousing soul's liberation via right faith/conduct/knowledge	W7
	quench	vb	to extinguish, put out (fire/light)	IEW/W7
W-Germanic
Middle Dutch:	(f)ir-quisten	vb.wk	to destroy	GED
	quisten	vb.wk	to rub	GED
Middle Low German:	quist	n.str.fem	torment	GED
Old High German:	quist	n.str.fem	torment	GED
N-Germanic
Danish:	quista	vb	to press	GED
E-Germanic
Gothic:	*fra-qistnan	vb.wk.IV	to perish, be destroyed	GED
	qistjan	vb.wk.I	to destroy, subject to torment	GED
Baltic
Lithuanian:	gaĩšti	vb	to perish, disappear	GED
	gèsti	vb	to expire, go out, be extinguished	GED
Latvian:	dzièstu	vb	to expire, go out, be extinguished	GED
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	žasiti	vb	to be terrified	GED
	u-gasiti	vb	to put out	GED
Hellenic
Greek:	βίᾱ	n	strength	GED
	βιά(ζ)ω	vb	to force, compel	GED
	βίαιος	adj	violent	LRC
	σβέννυμι	vb	to extinguish	GED
Indic
Sanskrit:	jásate	vb	to be exhausted	GED
	jināti	vb	to grow old; overpower	GED
	Jaina	n	adherent of Jainism	W7
Hindi:	Jain	n	adherent of Jainism	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
I	=	class 1
IV	=	class 4
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb
wk	=	weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
GED	=	Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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