The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Jonathan Slocum, Interim Director :: PCL 5.112, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: i̯ek- 'to speak'

Semantic Field: to Speak, Talk

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	geogelere	n	juggler	W7
Middle English:	jeopardie	n	jeopardy	W7
	jogelen	vb	to juggle	W7
	jogelour	n	juggler	W7
	juel	n	jewel	W7
English:	jeopardy	n	danger, exposure to/imminence of death/loss/injury	AHD/W7
	jewel	n	precious stone ornament	AHD/W7
	jocose	adj	merry, given to joking	AHD/W7
	jocular	adj	mirthful, given to jesting	AHD/W7
	joke	n	something said/done to provoke laughter	AHD/W7
	juggle	vb	to perform physical tricks with objects	AHD/W7
	juggler	n	one who performs tricks/acts of magic	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	gehan	vb	to say	W7
Italic
Latin:	jocosus	adj	of play, humorous	W7
	jocularis	adj	of joke, of playing	W7
	joculator	n.masc	juggler, joker	W7
	joculor, joculari, joculatus	vb.dep	to joke, play	W7
	joculus	n.masc	little game, little joke	W7
	jocus	n.masc	game, joke	W7
Old French:	jeu	n.masc	game, play	W7
	jogleour	n.masc	juggler	W7
	juel	n.masc	toy	W7
Anglo-French:	juparti	n.masc	alternative, divided game	W7
Middle French:	jogler	vb	to joke	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	yācati	vb	to implore	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)