The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: i̯eu̯os- 'rule, right, justice, statute'

Semantic Field: General Law

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	abjuren	vb	to abjure	W7
	adjuren	vb	to adjure	W7
	conjuren	vb	to conjure	W7
	injurie	n	injury	W7
	jure	n	jury	W7
	just	adj	just	W7
English:	abjure	vb.trans	to deny/renounce upon oath	AHD/W7
	adjure	vb.trans	to charge/command solemnly under oath/penalty of curse	AHD/W7
	conjure	vb	to charge/entreat earnestly/solemnly	AHD/W7
	injury	n	wrong, act that damages/hurts	AHD/W7
	jural	adj	juristic, re: law	AHD/W7
	juridical	adj	re: office of judge/administration of justice	AHD/W7
	jurisconsult	n	jurist	AHD/W7
	jurisdiction	n	right/power/authority to apply/interpret law	AHD/W7
	jurist	n	one having thorough knowledge of law	AHD/W7
	jury	n	men sworn to give verdict on matter submitted to them	AHD/W7
	just	adj	reasonable, conforming to/having basis in fact/reason	AHD/W7
	justice	n	fairness, quality of being just	AHD
	justice	n	justice	CDC
	nonjuror	n	one who refuses oath-taking	AHD
	perjure	vb.trans	to commit perjury	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
German:	Jura	n	law	LRC
	Jury	n.fem	jury, selection committee	LRC
	Justiz	n.fem	justice	LRC
Italic
Latin:	abjuro, abjurāre	vb	to deny on oath	W7
	adjuro, adjurāre	vb	to adjure	W7
	conjuro, conjurare	vb	to swear together	W7
	consulo, consulere, consului, consultus	vb	to consult	W7
	iniuria, injuriae	n.fem	wrong, harsh treatment, damage, injustice	LRC
	injurus	adj	perjury	W7
	iūdicō, iūdicāre, iūdicāvī, iūdicātum	vb	to decide	LRC
	ius, iuris	n.neut	law, right	LRC
	jurisconsultus	n.masc	lawyer	W7
	juro, jurāre	vb	to swear	W7
	justitia	n	justice	CDC
	justus	adj	just, right	W7
	perjuro, perjurare	vb	to perjure	W7
Medieval Latin:	jurista	n.fem	jurist	W7
Old French:	abjurer	vb	to abjure, abstain from	AHD
	conjurer	vb	to conjure	W7
	jurer	vb	to swear	W7
	justice/jostice	n	justice	CDC
Anglo-French:	juree	n.fem	jury17	W7
Middle French:	ajurer	vb	to adjure	W7
	juriste	n.masc	jurist, lawyer	W7
	juste	adj	just, right	W7
	perjurer	vb	to commit perjury	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	yoṣ	n	welfare	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next