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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: kā- 'to like, wish, desire'

Semantic Fields: to Will, Wish; to Desire

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	hōre	n.fem	whore	W7/ASD
Middle English:	charite	n	charity	W7
	cherisshen	vb	to cherish	W7
	hordom	n	whoredom	W7
	hore	n	whore	W7
English:	caress	n	endearment, act/expression of kindness/affection	AHD/W7
	charity	n	love	AHD/W7
	cherish	vb.trans	to hold dear, feel/show affection for	AHD/W7
	Kamasutra	prop.n	Sanskrit treatise re: love/pleasure	AHD
	whore	n	prostitute, woman who whores	AHD/W7
	whore	vb	to engage in unlawful sexual intercourse	LRC
	whoredom	n	practice of whoring	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	huora	n	whore	ASD
German:	Hure	n.fem	whore	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	hōra	n	whore	W7
	hōrdōmr	n	adultery	W7
	hōrr	n	adulterer	W7
Icelandic:	hōra	n	whore	ASD
Italic
Latin:	caritas	n.fem	dearness; Christian love	W7
	carus	adj	dear	W7
Portuguese:	caro	adj	dear	TLL
Spanish:	caritad	n	charity	TLL
	caro	adj	dear	TLL
Old French:	charité	n.fem	charity	W7
	cherir	vb	to cherish	W7
	chier	adj.masc	dear	W7
Middle French:	cherir, cheriss-	vb	to cherish	W7
French:	caresse	n.fem	caress	W7
	charité	n	charity	TLL
	cher	adj	dear	TLL
Italian:	carezza	n.fem	caress	W7/CID
	caro	adj	dear	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	kāma	n	love	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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