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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: k̑ēi-bh- 'fast, hasty, violent'

Semantic Field: Fast, Swift, Quick

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	hæst/hǣst/hēst	n.fem	fury, violence	ASD
	hǣst	adj	violent, vehement, impetuous	ASD
	hǣst-līce	adv	violently, vehemently	CDC
Middle English:	haste	n	haste	CDC
English:	haste	n	speed, swiftness, celerity	CDC
	hasty	adj	fast, swift, with haste	LRC
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	hæst/hast	adj	hasty, violent	CDC
	hæst	n	haste	CDC
North Frisian:	hæste/haste	n	haste	CDC
Middle Dutch:	haest	n	haste	CDC
Dutch:	haast	n	haste	CDC
Middle Low German:	hast	n	haste	CDC
Old High German:	haist/heist	adj	hasty, violent	CDC
Middle High German:	he(y)st	adj	hasty, violent	CDC
German:	Hast	n.fem	haste	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	hastarliga	adv	hastily	CDC
	hastarligr	adj	hasty	CDC
Icelandic:	hastr	n	haste	CDC
	höstugr	adj	harsh	CDC
Danish:	hast	n	haste	CDC
Old Swedish:	hast	n	haste	CDC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	háifsts	n.str.fem	fight, strife	LRC
Italic
Old French:	haste	n	haste	CDC
French:	hâte	n	haste	CDC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
str	=	strong (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin

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