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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. krep-, kr̥p- 'form; corpse, body'

Semantic Fields: Form, Shape (n); Corpse, Body

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	crí	n	body, shape, frame	RPN
Irish:	leipreachān	n.masc	leprechaun	W7
English
Old English:	(h)rif	n.neut	womb, stomach	RPN/ASD
	midhrif	n	midriff	W7
Middle English:	corporal	n	corporal	W7
	corps	n	corpse	W7
	corpus	n	corpus	W7
	cors	n	corse	W7
	corset	n	corset	W7
	midrif	n	midriff	W7
English:	corporal	adj	re: body	AHD/W7
	corporal	n	linen cloth where eucharist elements are placed	AHD/W7
	corporate	adj	united into one body	AHD/OED
	corporeal	adj	re: physical/material body	AHD/W7
	corps	n	subdivision of military establishment	AHD/W7
	corpse	n	human/animal body (living/dead)	AHD/W7
	corpulence	n	obesity, being excessively fat	AHD
	corpulent	adj	obese, portly, excessively fat	AHD/CDC
	corpus	n	human/animal body (esp. when dead)	AHD/W7
	corpuscle	n	minute particle	AHD/W7
	corsage	n	waist/bodice of woman's dress	AHD/W7
	corse	n	corpse	AHD/W7
	corset	n	medieval jacket	AHD/W7
	leprechaun	n	mischievous Irish elf (folklore)	AHD/W7
	midriff	n	diaphragm	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	href/hrif	n	stomach	RPN
	mid-ref	n	midriff	ASD
Old High German:	(h)ref	n	womb, belly; body	RPN/ASD
German:	Körper	n	corpse, carcass	TLL
	Korps	n.neut	corps	LRC
	Korsett	n.neut	corset	LRC
Italic
Latin:	corporalis	adj	corporal	W7
	corporeus	adj	corporeal	W7
	corporo, corporare, corporavi, corporatus	vb	to make into a body	W7
	corpus, corporis	n.neut	corpus	LRC
	corpusculum	n.neut	small body	W7
Medieval Latin:	corporale	adj.neut	corporal	W7
Old French:	cors	n.masc	corpse: body	W7
	corsage	n.masc	bust	W7
	corset	n.masc.dim	corset	W7
Middle French:	corporal	n.masc	corporal	W7
	corps	n.masc	corpse: body	W7
French:	corporel	adj	corporal	W7
	corps	n.masc	corpse: body	W7
	corsage	n.masc	corsage, top part of dress	W7
Iranian
Avestan:	kəhrp-	n	corpse, body	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	kṛpā́	n.inst.sg	shape, beautiful appearance	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dim	=	diminutive
inst	=	instrumental (case)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
sg	=	singular (number)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
OED	=	James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933)
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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