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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: k̑u̯on- 'dog'

Semantic Field: Dog

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	cú	n	dog	LRC
English
Old English:	grīghund	n.masc	greyhound	W7
	hund	n.masc	hound, dog	W7
Middle English:	grehound	n	greyhound	W7
	hound	n	hound, dog	W7
	kenel	n	kennel	W7
English:	canaille	n	rabble, riffraff	AHD/W7
	canary	n	lively court dance of 16th century	AHD/W7
	canine	adj	re: dogs (incl. foxes, wolves, jackals)	AHD/W7
	chenille	n	silk/wool/cotton yarn with protruding pile	AHD/W7
	cynic	n	philosopher: sole good is in virtue, whose essence is self-control/independence	AHD/W7
	dachshund	n	small dog (breed): long body, short legs, long drooping ears	AHD/W7
	greyhound	n	tall slender dog (breed): swift, graceful, smooth-coated	AHD/W7
	hound	n	(type of) dog	AHD/W7
	kennel	n	shelter for dog(s)	AHD/W7
	Procyon	prop.n	brightest star in constellation Canis Minor	LRC
W-Germanic
Old High German:	hunt	n.masc	dog	W7
German:	Dachshund	n.masc	dachshund	W7
	Hund	n.masc	dog	W7
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	hund	n	hound	W7
E-Germanic
Gothic:	hunds	n.masc	dog	LRC
Italic
Latin:	canicula	n.fem	dog, the Dog-Star	W7
	caninus	adj	of dogs	W7
	canis	n.masc	dog	W7
	cynicus	adj	like a dog, cynical philosopher	W7
	Procyon	prop.n.masc	Procyon	W7
Vulgar Latin:	canile	adj	of dogs	W7
Italian:	canaglia	n.fem	canaille	W7/CID
	cane	n.masc	dog	W7
Middle French:	canarie	n.fem	canary	W7
	cynique	adj	cynical philosopher	W7
French:	canaille	n.fem	wicked man	W7
	chenille	n.fem	caterpillar	W7
Old Spanish:	canario	n.masc	canary, small finch	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	šuõ	n	dog	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	kynikos	adj	like a dog	W7
	κύων	n.masc	dog	LRC
	Prokyōn	prop.n.masc	Procyon	W7
Anatolian
Hieroglyphic Luwian:	sù-wa-nà-i	n	dog	LRC
Hittite:	kun-	n	dog	LRC
Armenian
Armenian:	šun/šan	n	dog	LRC
Iranian
Avestan:	span-	n	dog	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	ś(u)vā́	n	dog	LRC
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	ku, kon	n	dog	LRC
Tocharian B:	ku, kwem	n	dog	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
prop	=	proper

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)