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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: laku- '(water in) a lake, pond, ditch, etc.'

Semantic Field: Lake, Pond

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	loch	n	lake	W7
Scots Gaelic:	loch	n.masc	lake	W7
English
Old English:	lagu-lād	n.str.fem	water-way, ocean journey	LRC
Middle English:	lough	n	lough	W7
English:	laccolith	n	mass of igneous rock that is intruded between sedimentary beds and produces.domical bulging of.overlying strata	AHD/W7
	lacuna	n	gap, blank space/missing part	AHD/W7
	lagoon	n	shallow pond/sound/channel near/connected with larger water body	AHD/W7
	loch	n	lake	AHD/W7
	lough	n	lake	AHD/W7
Scots English:	louch	n	lake	W7
Italic
Latin:	lacuna	n.fem	hole, lack	W7
	lacus	n.masc	lake	W7
Italian:	laguna	n.fem	lagoon	W7
French:	lagon	n.masc	lagoon	W7
	lagune	n.fem	lagoon	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	lakkos	n.masc	hole, cellar, cistern	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
str	=	strong (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)