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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: leid- 'to play, joke'

Semantic Field: to Play

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	deluden	vb	to delude	W7
	enterlude	n	interlude	W7
	illusion	n	illusion	W7
English:	allude	vb.intrans	to make indirect reference	AHD/W7
	collude	vb.intrans	to plot, conspire	AHD/W7
	delude	vb.trans	to trick, deceive, mislead	AHD/W7
	elude	vb.trans	to evade, avoid adroitly	AHD/W7
	illusion	n	action of deceiving	AHD/W7
	interlude	n	light/farcical entertainment between acts of mystery/morality play	AHD/W7
	ludic	adj	re: play/playfulness	AHD
	ludicrous	adj	ludic/amusing/laughable due to absurdity/eccentricity/exaggeration/incongruity	AHD/W7
	prelude	n	action/event/performance preceding/introducing principal/more important matter	AHD/W7
	prolusion	n	prelude, exercise, preliminary trial	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	allūdō, allūdere	vb	to jest, joke, play against	W7
	collūdō, collūdere	vb	to play together, have secret understanding	W7
	dēlūdō, dēlūdere	vb	to mock, delude, deceive	W7
	ēlūdō, ēlūdere	vb	to elude, avoid, escape	W7
	illūdō, illūdere, illūsī, illūsus	vb	to mock, jeer at, make sport of	W7
	illusio	n.fem	action of mocking	W7
	ludicrus	adj	entertaining	W7
	lūdō, lūdere	vb	to play (a game), mock	W7
	ludus	n.masc	play, sport, game	W7
	prōlūdō, prōlūdere, prōlūsī, prōlūsus	vb	to play beforehand	W7
	prolusio, prolusionis	n.fem	act of playing beforehand	W7
Late Latin:	illusio, illusionis	n.fem	illusion	W7
Medieval Latin:	interludium	n.neut	interlude, entertainment between acts (of play)	W7
	ludō, ludere	vb	to play	W7
	praeludium	n.neut	what is played before the main music	W7
	praelūdō, praelūdere	vb	to play beforehand	W7
Middle French:	illusion	n.fem	illusion	W7
	prélude	n.masc	prelude, music beforehand	W7
Baltic
Latvian:	laist, laižu, laidu	vb	to release	LRC
	laišanās	refl.n	departing	LRC
	nolaisties, nolaižos, nolaidos	vb	to descend	LRC
	palaist, palaižu, palaidu	vb	to let go, release	LRC
	uzlaist, uzlaižu, uzlaidu	vb	to set on	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	loidoros	adj	abusive	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
refl	=	reflexive
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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