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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. lep- 'to flay, peel, skin'

Semantic Field: to Flay, Skin

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	læfer/leber	n.fem	reed, lever(s)	IEW
Middle English:	leper	n	leper	W7
	lepre	n	leprosy	W7
English:	elapid	n	venomous snake having grooved fangs	AHD/W7
	laparotomy	n	surgical section of abdominal wall	AHD/W7
	lemma	n	lower of 2 bracts enclosing flower in grass spikelet	AHD/W7
	leper	n	person infected with leprosy	AHD/W7
	lepidote	adj	covered with scurf/scurfy scales	AHD/W7
	leprosy	n	chronic disease marked by nodules/macules with loss of sensation	W7
	lepton	n	small Greek coin	AHD/W7
	levers	n.pl	rushes, sedges	IEW
	plasmalemma	n	differentiated protoplasmic surface of cell	AHD/W7
	sarcolemma	n	thin membrane enclosing striated muscle fiber	AHD
W-Germanic
German:	Lepra	n.fem	leprosy	LRC
Italic
Late Latin:	lepra	n.fem	leprosy	W7
New Latin:	Elaps	n.masc	snake genus	W7
	plasmalemma	n.fem	cell surface	W7
Old French:	lèpre	n.fem	leprosy	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	ellops	adj	mute	W7
	lapara	n.fem	flank	W7
	lemma	n.neut	husk, fruit skin	W7
	lepidōtos	adj	scaly	W7
	lepis, lepidos	n.fem	scale, envelope	W7
	lepra	n.fem	leprosy	W7
	lepton	n.neut	small coin	W7
	leptos	adj	light, delicate	W7
	lepw	vb	to peel	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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