The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts
Jonathan Slocum, Interim Director :: PCL 5.112, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566
LRC Links: Home | About | Books Online | EIEOL | IE Doc. Center | IE Lexicon | IE Maps | IE Texts | Pub. Indices | SiteMap

Indo-European Lexicon

Pokorny Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: leubh-   'to like, love, care for'

Semantic Field: to Love; Love

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: alȳfan vb to allow W7
  belēfan vb to believe W7
  (ge)lēafa n belief W7
  gelīefan, gelīefde, gelīefed vb.wk.I to grant; believe, trust LRC
  lēaf n leave, permission W7
  lēof adj lief LRC
  līefan/lēfan/lȳfan vb.wk.I to allow, believe W7
  lof-dǣd n.str.fem praiseworthy deed LRC
  lufu n love W7/ASD
Middle English: beleave n belief W7
  beleven vb to believe W7
  leve n leave W7
  l(i)ef adj lief W7
  love n love W7
  quodlibet n quodlibet W7
English: belief n state of mind: trust/confidence is placed in person/thing AHD/W7
  believe vb to have firm religious faith AHD/W7
  furlough n leave of absence AHD/W7
  leave n permission AHD/W7
  libido n passion, sexual desire AHD/W7
  lief adj dear, beloved AHD/W7
  livelong adj whole, entire AHD/W7
  love n affection based on admiration/benevolence AHD/W7
  quodlibet n whimsical combination of familiar texts/melodies AHD/W7
W-Germanic  
Old High German: gilouben vb to believe W7
  liob adj lief LRC
  lupa n love W7
Middle High German: loube n permission W7
Middle Dutch: lof n permission W7
  verlof n permission W7
Dutch: verlof n permission W7
N-Germanic  
Old Norse: lof n.neut praise LRC
  lofa, lofað vb to praise; allow, permit LRC
Old Icelandic: ljúfr adj lief LRC
E-Germanic  
Gothic: galáubjan vb.wk.I to believe LRC
  liufs adj lief LRC
Italic  
Latin: libet/lubet, libēre/lubēre vb.impers to please, be lief W7
  libido n.fem libido W7
  quilibet pron any whatever W7
  quodlibet pron.neut whatever W7
Medieval Latin: quodlibetum n.neut subtle theological question posed for argument W7
New Latin: libido, libidinis n.fem passion, sexual desire W7
Baltic  
Lithuanian: liaupsẽ vb.ptc praising LRC
Slavic  
Old Church Slavonic: ljubiti, ljubljǫ, ljubiši vb to love LRC
Albanian  
Albanian: laps vb to wish, want LRC
Hellenic  
Hesychius' Lexicon: λυπτά n concubine, prostitute LRC
Indic  
Sanskrit: lúbhyati vb to feel strong desire LRC

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
I=class 1
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
impers=impersonal (verb)
n=noun
neut=neuter (gender)
pron=pronoun
ptc=participle
str=strong (inflection)
vb=verb
wk=weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)