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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. mā- 'timely, opportune'

Semantic Field: Fortune (Good or Bad)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	manes	n.pl	manes	AHD
	matines	n	matins	W7
	mature	adj	mature	W7
English:	immature	adj	premature	AHD/W7
	mañana	adv	tomorrow; at indefinite future time	AHD/W7
	manes	n.pl	departed spirits	AHD
	matinee	n	musical/dramatic event/performance event held in daytime	AHD/W7
	matins	n	religious office: one of first canonical hours	AHD/W7
	mature	adj	based on careful consideration	AHD/W7
	matutinal	adj	early, re: morning	AHD/W7
	premature	adj	existing/arriving/happening/performed before usual/proper time	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	immaturus	adj	immature, not ripe	W7
	mane	adv	early in the morning	W7
	mānēs	n.masc	ghost, shade, manes	AHD/ELD
	maturus	adj	ripe, mature	W7
	Matuta	prop.n.fem	goddess of morning	W7
	matutinae	n.fem.pl	matins	W7
	matutinum	n.neut	morning	W7
	matutinus	adj	of the morning	W7
	praematurus	adj	too early	W7
Late Latin:	matutinae	n.fem.pl	religious office celebrated in morning	W7
	matutinalis	adj	of the morning	W7
Spanish:	mañana	adv	tomorrow	W7
Old French:	matin	n.masc	morning	W7
	matines	n.fem.pl	mass sung at dawn	W7
French:	matinée	n.fem	morning	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
prop	=	proper

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ELD	=	Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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