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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: meli-t, genitive mel-nés 'honey'

Semantic Field: Honey

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	mil	n	honey	LRC
	milis	adj	sweet	LRC
English
Old English:	meledēaw	n	mildew	W7
Middle English:	mellilot	n	melilot	W7
	mildew	n	mildew	W7
	ydromel	n	hydromel	W7
English:	hydromel	n	honey diluted in water (then fermented to become mead)	AHD/W7
	marmalade	n	clear jellylike fruit preserve	AHD
	melilot	n	sweet clover	AHD/W7
	melliferous	adj	yielding/producing honey	AHD/W7
	mildew	n	whitish fungi growing on organic matter	AHD/W7
	molasses	n	thick brown viscid syrup made from sugar	AHD/W7
	mousse	n	light spongy food containing cream/gelatin	AHD/W7
	oenomel	n	ancient Greek beverage: wine and honey	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	militou	n	honeydew	W7
	milska	n	sweet mixed drink	LRC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	milith	n	honey	LRC
Italic
Latin:	hydromeli	n.neut	hydromel	W7
	mel, mellis	n.neut	honey	W7
	melimēlum	n.neut	must-apple, honey-apple	AHD/ELD
	mellifer	adj	that makes/brings honey	W7
Late Latin:	mellaceum	n.neut	grape juice	W7
	mulsa	n.fem	hydromel	W7
	oenomeli	n.neut	hydromel	W7
Portuguese:	marmelada	n	marmalade	AHD
	melaço	n.masc	molasses	W7
Middle French:	melilot	n.masc	melilot (a flower)	W7
	ydromel	n.masc	hydromel	W7
French:	marmelade	n	marmalade	AHD
	mousse	n.fem	mousse, foam	W7
Hellenic
Greek:	meli	n.neut	honey	W7
	melilōtos	n.neut	melilot	W7
	oinomeli	n.neut	oenomel, lit. wine and honey	W7
	hydromeli	n.neut	hydromel, lit. water and honey	W7
Anatolian
Luwian:	mallit-	n	honey	LRC
Hittite:	milit-	n	honey	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ELD	=	Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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