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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 2. meu̯-, meu̯ə- 'to move, push away'

Semantic Fields: to Move; to Push, Shove

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	commotion	n	commotion	W7
	mocioun	n	motion	W7
	moment	n	moment	W7
	motive	n	motive	W7
	moven	vb	to move	W7
	removen	vb	to remove	W7
English:	commotion	n	condition of civil unrest/insurrection	AHD/W7
	emotion	n	disturbance	AHD/W7
	mob	n	large disorderly crowd/throng	AHD
	mobile	adj	movable, able to move/be moved	AHD/W7
	moment	n	instant, minute point in/portion of time	AHD/W7
	momentous	adj	of utmost importance	AHD
	momentum	n	tendency of moving body to keep moving	AHD/W7
	mosso	adv	rapidly, with motion/animation [musical direction]	AHD
	motif	n	recurring salient schematic element in art	AHD/W7
	motion	n	proposal for action	AHD/W7
	motive	adj	moving/tending to move to act	AHD/W7
	motive	n	need/desire causing person to act	AHD/W7
	motor	n	one that imparts motion	AHD/W7
	move	vb	to proceed, go continuously from point to point	AHD/W7
	movement	n	act/instance of moving	AHD
	promote	vb.trans	to raise, advance in rank/honor/station	AHD/W7
	remote	adj	separated by long interval	AHD/W7
	remove	vb	to change station/location/position/residence of	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	meubelen	n.pl	furniture	TLL
	mouw	n	sleeve	TLL
German:	Möbel	n.coll	furniture	TLL
N-Germanic
Danish:	møbler	n.pl	furniture	TLL
Swedish:	möbler	n.pl	furniture	TLL
Italic
Latin:	commotio, commotionis	n.fem	violent movement	W7
	commōveo, commōvēre, commōvī, commōtus	vb	to set in motion	W7
	exmōveo, exmōvēre	vb	to move away, disturb	W7
	mōbilis	adj	moving	W7
	mōmentum	n.neut	moment, movement, particle sufficient to turn scales	W7
	mōtio, mōtionis	n.fem	movement	W7
	mōtor	n.masc	motor, one that moves	W7
	motus, motūs	n.masc	movement	LRC
	moveō, movēre, mōvi, mōtus	vb	to move	LRC
	promoveo, promovēre, promovī, promotus	vb	to move forward	W7
	rēmōveō, rēmōvēre, rēmōvī, rēmōtus	vb	to remove, move again	W7
Medieval Latin:	motivus	adj	of movement	W7
New Latin:	momentum	n.neut	impetus	W7
Old French:	removoir	vb	to move again	W7
Middle French:	commotion	n.fem	commotion	W7
	emotion	n.fem	emotion	W7
	emouvoir	vb	to stir up	W7
	mobile	adj	moving	W7
	moment	n.masc	moment	W7
	motif	adj/n.masc	moving; motive	W7
	motion	n.fem	movement	W7
	movoir	vb	to move	W7
French:	meuble	n	piece of furniture	LRC
	motif	n.masc	motif	W7
Italian:	mosso	adj	agitated	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
coll	=	collective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pl	=	plural (number)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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