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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. ned- : n_ed- 'to net, bind, connect, roll up, twist together'

Semantic Fields: to Bind; Knot (n)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	net	n	net	W7
	netel(e)/netle	n.fem	nettle	W7/ASD
Middle English:	annexen	vb	to annex	W7
	nett	n	net	W7
	nettle	n	nettle	W7
	nouche	n	ouch, brooch	W7
	ouch	n	ouch	W7
English:	adnexa	n	conjoined/subordinate/associated anatomic parts	AHD/W7
	annex	vb.trans	to attach as quality/condition/consequence	AHD/W7
	connect	vb	to tie/join/fasten together	AHD/W7
	denouement	n	final outcome/unraveling of dramatic complication in literary work	AHD/W7
	net	n	meshed fabric twisted/knotted/woven together at intervals	AHD/W7
	net	vb	to catch/cover with net	W7
	nettle	n	coarse herb with stinging hairs	AHD/W7
	nexus	n	link, connection	AHD/W7
	node	n	predicament, entangling complication	AHD/W7
	nodule	n	small mass of rounded/irregular shape	AHD/W7
	nodus	n	difficulty, complication	AHD/W7
	noil	n	short textile fiber	AHD
	noose	n	loop with running knot that draws tighter	AHD/W7
	ouch	n	brooch, clasp	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	nazza/nezila	n	nettle	W7/ASD
	nezzi	n	net	W7
	nusca	n	clasp	W7
German:	Nessel	n.fem	nettle	LRC
	Netz	n.neut	net	LRC
Italic
Latin:	annecto, annectere, annexi/annexui, annectus	vb	to annex, bind/join to	W7
	cōnecto, cōnectere	vb	to connect	W7
	nectō, nectere, nexī/nexuī, nexus	vb	to bind	W7
	nodo, nodāre	vb	to tie	W7
	nodulus	n.masc	small knot	W7
	nodus	n.masc	knot	W7
New Latin:	adnexa	vb.ptc.fem	attached to	W7
Old French:	annexe	n.fem	part joined	W7
	annexer	vb	to join	W7
	desnoer	vb	to loosen, undo a knot	W7
	noer	vb	to tie	W7
Middle French:	desnouement	n.masc	untying	W7
	desnouer	vb	to untie	W7
French:	dénouement	n.masc	untying, denouement	W7
Provençal:	nous	n.masc	knot	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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