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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. ner(-t)-, aner-, əner-? 'vital force; man'

Semantic Fields: Strong, Mighty, Powerful; Man

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
English:	Alexander	prop.n	[personal name]	AHD
	Alexandrian	prop.adj	re: Alexander the Great	W7
	alexandrine	adj/n	(re:) 12-syllable poetic verse form	AHD/W7
	alexandrite	n	grass-green chrysoberyl (mineral)	AHD/W7
	andr(o)-	pfx	male, masculine	AHD
	android	n	robot in human form	LRC
	Andromeda	prop.n	(constellation named for) daughter of Cepheus and Cassiopeia (Greek mythology)	LRC
	-androus	adj.sfx	having stamens	AHD/W7
	-andry	sfx	kind/number of husbands	AHD
	Nero	prop.n	Emperor of Rome (AD 54-68)	AHD
	Neronic/Neronian	prop.adj	re: Nero	W7
	philander	vb	to flirt, make love frivolously	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	Andromeda	n.fem	Andromeda	W7
	Nero	prop.n	Nero (Claudius Caesar)	W7
	neronianus	adj	Neronian	W7
Middle French:	alexandrin	adj	alexandrine	W7
Baltic
Lithuanian:	nóras	n.masc	wish	LRC
	norėti, nóri, norėjo	vb	to want	LRC
Albanian
Albanian:	njeri	n.masc	person, human being	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	Ἀλέξ-ανδρος	prop.n	Alexander, lit. defender of men	LRC
	ἀνδρόμεος	adj	human, re: men	LRC
Greek:	Andromedē	n.fem	Andromeda	W7
	-andros	sfx	having (such/so many) men	W7
	ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός	n.masc	man	LRC
	ἄνθρωπος	n.masc	person, human being	LRC
Armenian
Classical Armenian:	ayr	n	man	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pfx	=	prefix
prop	=	proper
sfx	=	suffix
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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