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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: neu̯os, neu̯i̯os 'new'

Semantic Field: New

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	nīwe/nēowe	adj	new, fresh	ASD
Middle English:	anewe	adv	anew	MEV
	new	adj	new	W7
	novel	adj	novel	W7
	novelte	n	novelty	W7
	novice	n	novice	W7
	span-new	adj	span-new	W7
English:	aneroid	adj	containing no liquid, actuated without liquid	AHD/W7
	anew	adv	afresh, once more/again	W7
	innovate	vb	to introduce as (if) new	AHD/W7
	misoneism	n	hatred/intolerance of something new/changed	AHD/W7
	neo-	pfx	new	TLL
	Neogaea	prop.n	New World, western hemisphere	AHD/CDC
	neon	n	colorless odorless inert gas	AHD/W7
	neonatal	adj	re: newborn (human) infant	W7
	neonate	n	newborn infant	AHD
	neoteric	adj	modern, recent in origin	AHD/W7
	new	adj	recent, having existed but a short time	AHD/W7
	nova	n	a suddenly brighter star	AHD/W7
	novation	n	substitution of new for old legal obligation	AHD/W7
	novel	adj	new, having no precedent	AHD/W7
	novel	n	invented (usu. long/complex) prose narrative re: human experience	AHD/W7
	novelty	n	something new/unusual	AHD/W7
	novercal	adj	re: stepmother	AHD
	novice	n	probationary member of religious community	AHD/W7
	novillada	n	bullfight with bulls under 4 years old	AHD
	novillero	n	bullfighter restricted to bulls under 4 years old	AHD
	renovate	vb.trans	to revive, restore to life/vigor/activity	AHD/W7
	span-new	adj	brand-new	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	nīe	adj	new, fresh	ASD
Dutch:	nieuw	adj	new	TLL
Old Saxon:	nīwi	adj	new, fresh	ASD
Old High German:	niuwi/nīwi	adj	new	W7/ASD
German:	neu	adj	new	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	nȳr	adj	new	W7
	spānnȳr	n	lit. new chip of wood	W7
E-Germanic
Gothic:	niujis	adj	new, fresh	ASD
Italic
Latin:	innovo, innovare, innovavi, innovatus	vb	to renew	W7
	novellus	adj	new	W7
	novicius	adj	new, inexperienced	W7
	novō, novāre, novāvī, novātus	vb	to make new	W7
	novus, nova, novum	adj	new	W7
	renovo, renovare, renovavi, renovatus	vb	to renew	W7
Late Latin:	neotericus	adj	neoteric	W7
	novatio, novationis	n.fem	renewal, legal novation	W7
New Latin:	nova	n.fem	nova	W7
Portuguese:	novo	adj	new	TLL
Spanish:	novillada	n.fem	novillada	LRC
	novillero	n.masc	novillero	LRC
	nuevo	adj	new	TLL
Middle French:	novel	adj	new	W7
	noveleté	n.fem	novelty	W7
	novice	n.masc	new/young monk	W7
French:	anéroïde	adj	containing no liquid	W7
	neuf	adj	new	TLL
Italian:	misoneismo	n.masc	hatred of anything new	W7/CID
	novèlla	n.fem	short story	W7
	nuovo	adj	new	TLL
Baltic
Lithuanian:	naũjas, naujà	adj	new	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	nearos	adj	young	W7
	neos	adj	new, young	W7
	neōterikos	adj	youthful	W7
	neōterios	adj.comp	younger	W7
Late Greek:	nēron	n.neut	water	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
comp	=	comparative
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
prop	=	proper
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
MEV	=	J.R.R. Tolkien: A Middle English Vocabulary (1922)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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