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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: om- 'raw, coarse, bitter'

Semantic Field: Bitter

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	ampre	n	sorrel	W7
English:	amarelle	n	cultivated cherry derived from sour cherry	AHD/W7
	amaretto	n	almond liqueur	AHD
	ambarella	n	tropical/equatorial fruit tree	AHD
	marasca	n	European sour cherry tree	AHD
	maraschino	n	sweet liqueur distilled from fermented juice of bitter wild cherry	AHD/W7
	morello	n	cherry distinguished from amarelle by dark-colored skin/juice	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Flemish:	(a)marelle	n	amarelle	W7
German:	Amarelle	n	amarelle	AHD
Italic
Latin:	amarus	adj	bitter	W7
Medieval Latin:	amarellum	adj	bitter	W7
	amarellum	n.neut	bitter wild cherry	W7
Italian:	amaretto	n	amaretto	LRC
	amaro	adj	bitter	LRC
	marasca	n.fem	marasca, bitter wild cherry	W7
	maraschino	n.masc	cherry liqueur	W7
Albanian
Albanian:	ambëlë	adj	sweet	IEW
Gheg:	ambel	adj	sweet	LRC
Hellenic
Greek:	ὠμοβόειος	adj	re: raw untanned oxhide	LRC
	ōmos	adj	raw	W7
Indic
Sanskrit:	āmraḥ	n	mango tree	AHD
	āmravāṭakaḥ	n	ambarella	AHD
	āmlaḥ	adj	tart	AHD

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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