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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: ō(u̯)i̯-om 'egg, ovum'

Semantic Field: Egg

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	og	n	egg	CDC
Irish:	ugh	n	egg	CDC
Gaelic:	ubh	n	egg	CDC
Welsh:	wy	n	egg	CDC
English
Old English:	æ(i)g	n.neut	egg	ASD
Middle English:	cokeney	n	lit. cock's egg	W7
	egge/ey(e)	n	egg	CDC
English:	caviar	n	roe of sturgeon/large fish	AHD
	cockney	n	spoiled child; milksop, effiminate male	AHD/W7
	egg	n	hard-shelled reproductive body	AHD/W7
	o(o)-	pfx	egg, ovum	AHD/W7
	oolemma	n	thick solid membrane around mammalian ovum	AHD
	oval	adj	egg-shaped	AHD/W7
	ovary	n	female reproductive organ	AHD/W7
	ovate	adj	oval	AHD
	ov(i)-	pfx	egg, ovum	AHD
	ovolo	n	rounded convex molding	AHD/W7
	ovule	n	outgrowth of ovary of seed plant	AHD/W7
	ovum	n	egg, macrogamete, female gamete	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	ei	n	egg	CDC
Middle Low German:	ei(g)	n	egg	CDC
Old High German:	ei	n.neut	egg	ASD
Middle High German:	ei	n.neut	egg	ASD
German:	Ei	n.neut	egg	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	egg	n.neut	egg	LRC
Danish:	æg	n.neut	egg	CDC
Swedish:	ägg	n.neut	egg	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	*addjis	n	egg	CDC
Crimean Gothic:	ada	n	egg	CDC
Italic
Latin:	ōvum, ōvī	n.neut	egg, ovum	ELD
Late Latin:	ovalis	adj	re: egg	W7
Medieval Latin:	ovalis	adj	oval	W7
New Latin:	ovarium	n.neut	ovary	W7
	ovulum	n.neut	ovule	W7
Portuguese:	ôvo	n	egg, ovum	CDC
Spanish:	huevo	n	egg, ovum	CDC
Old French:	oef	n	egg, ovum	CDC
French:	œuf	n	egg, ovum	TLL
Provençal:	(u)ov	n	egg, ovum	CDC
Italian:	uovo/òvo(lo)	n.masc	egg, ovum	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	οἰωνός	n.masc	large bird, bird of prey	LRC
Greek:	ᾠόν	n.neut	egg, ovum	LS
Iranian
Middle Persian:	khāyak	n	egg, caviar	AHD

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
ELD	=	Charlton T. Lewis: An Elementary Latin Dictionary (1999)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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