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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: pā- : pə-, and pā-t- : pə-t- 'to feed, graze, pasture'

Semantic Field: to Pasture

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	fēdan	vb	to feed	RPN
	fōda	n.masc	food	RPN/ASD
	fōd(d)or/fōd(d)er/fōddur	n.neut	fodder	RPN/ASD
	fōstor	n/pfx	food, feeding; foster	W7
Middle English:	bezear	n	bezoar, magic stone poison antidote	AHD
	compainoun	n	companion	W7
	companie	n	company	W7
	feden	vb	to feed	W7
	fodder	n	fodder	W7
	fode	n	food	W7
	forage	n	forage	W7
	forrayen	vb	to foray	W7
	foster	n	foster	W7
	furren	vb	to fur	W7
	panetrie	n	pantry	W7
	panier	n	pannier	W7
	pastour	n	pastor	W7
	pasture	n	pasture	W7
	repast	n	repast	W7
	satrap	n	provincial governor	W7
English:	antipasto	n	hors d'oeuvre	AHD/W7
	appanage	n	grant to dependent royal family member	AHD/W7
	bezoar	n	ruminant alimentary concretion	AHD/W7
	breastfeed, breastfed	vb.str	to feed from breast	LRC
	companion	n	comrade	AHD/W7
	company	n	fellowship, association with another	AHD/W7
	feed, fed	vb.str	to give food to	AHD/W7
	fodder	n	food for domestic animals	AHD/W7
	food	n	vital dietary material	AHD/W7
	forage	n	food for animals	AHD/W7
	foray	vb	to pillage, ravage searching for spoils	AHD/W7
	foster	adj	re: nurture/care not required by blood/legal ties	AHD/W7
	fourragere	n	braided cord	AHD/W7
	fur	n	mammal pelt thickly covered by fine soft hair	LRC
	fur	vb	to line/trim/clothe/cover with fur	AHD/W7
	furrier	n	fur dealer	AHD/W7
	pabulum	n	food (esp. in solution)	AHD/W7
	panada	n	paste of flour/bread crumbs in water/stock	AHD/W7
	panatela	n	long slender cigar	AHD/W7
	pannier	n	large basket	AHD/W7
	panocha	n	coarse Mexican sugar	AHD
	pantry	n	room/closet used to store provisions/dinnerware	AHD/W7
	pastern	n	part of equine foot extending from fetlock to coffin bone	AHD/W7
	pastille	n	aromatic paste for scenting/fumigating air	AHD/W7
	pastor	n	shepherd, herdsman	AHD/W7
	pasture	n	plants grown to feed animals	AHD/W7
	pasture	vb	to graze, browse, keep in pasture	W7
	penuche	n	fudge made with milk/cream, butter, brown sugar, nuts	AHD/W7
	pester	vb.trans	to overcrowd	AHD/W7
	repast	n	meal, something taken as food	AHD/W7
	satrap	n	provincial governor	AHD/W7
Scots English:	fede	vb	to feed	ASD
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	foda/feda	vb	to feed	ASD
Frisian:	fieden	vb	to feed	ASD
Dutch:	voeden	vb	to feed	ASD
	voeder/voēr	n.neut	fodder, provender	ASD
Old Saxon:	fōdjan/fuodjan	vb	to feed	ASD
Low German:	föde/v̈de	n	food	ASD
	foder/vo(d)er	n	fodder	ASD
Old High German:	fuotar	n.neut	food, fodder	W7/ASD
	fuotjan	vb	to feed	ASD
Middle High German:	vuoten/vüeten	vb	to feed	ASD
	vuoter	n.neut	fodder	ASD
German:	Futter	n.neut	fodder	ASD
	füttern	vb	to feed	ASD
N-Germanic
Old Icelandic:	fóðr	n	fodder	RPN
Icelandic:	fōðr	n.neut	fodder	ASD
	fæða	vb	to feed	ASD
	fæði	n.neut	food	ASD
Danish:	fo(d)er	n.neut	fodder	ASD
	föde	vb	to feed	ASD
	føde	n.masc/fem	food	ASD
	fødsel	n	birth	TLL
Swedish:	föda	n.fem	food	ASD
	föda	vb	to feed	ASD
	födelse	n	birth	SAO
E-Germanic
Gothic:	fōdeins	n.fem	food	ASD
	fōðer	n.neut	sheath	ASD
	fōdjan	vb	to feed, nourish	RPN
Italic
Latin:	pābulum	n.neut	food, fodder, nourishment	RPN
	panarium	n.neut	bread-basket	W7
	pānis	n.masc	bread	RPN
	pāscō, pāscere, pāstus	vb	to feed, pasture	RPN
	pastillus	n.masc	small loaf, lozenge	W7
	pastor	n.masc	shepherd	W7
	pastus	n.masc	food	W7
	satrapes	n.masc	satrap	W7
Vulgar Latin:	impastorio, impastoriare	vb	to embarrass	W7
	pastoria	n.fem	hobble	W7
Late Latin:	companio, companionis	n.fem	company	W7
	pastura	n.fem	pasture	W7
Medieval Latin:	appāno, appānāre	vb	to make provisions for	AHD
Spanish:	pan	n.masc	bread	W7
	panada	n.fem	paste of flour/bread	W7
	panatela	n.fem	long thin biscuit	W7
Mexican Spanish:	panocha	n.fem	raw sugar	W7
Old French:	apanage	n.masc	appanage, inherited goods	W7
	apaner	vb	to provide for (younger offspring)	W7
	bezahar	n	bezoar	AHD
	compagnie	n.fem	company	W7
	compagnon, compain	n.masc	companion	W7
	feurre	n	fodder	AHD
	forage	n.masc	forage	W7
	forrer	vb	to fill up with	W7
	paistre	vb	to feed	W7
	pan	n.masc	bread	W7
	paneterie	n.fem	pantry	W7
	panetier	n.masc	servant in charge of pantry	W7
	pastour	n.masc	pastor	W7
	repaistre	vb	to feed	W7
	repast	n.masc	repast	W7
Middle French:	empestrer	vb	to hobble, embarrass	W7
	forage	n.masc	forage	W7
	forre	n.fem	looting	W7
	forrer	vb	to loot	W7
	fourrer	vb	to fill up with	W7
	paneterie	n.fem	pantry	W7
	panier	n.masc	basket	W7
	pasture	n.fem	pasture, tether attached to a horse's foot	W7
	pasturon	n.masc	part of horse leg	W7
	repast	n.masc	repast	W7
French:	apanage	n.masc	appanage, inherited goods	W7
	fourragère	n.fem	lanyard, fourragere	W7
	pastille	n.fem	flat candy	W7
Old Provençal:	apanar	vb	to support	W7
Italian:	antipasto	n.masc	antipasto, side dish	W7/CID
	pasto	n	food	AHD
Hellenic
Greek:	pōy	n.masc	herd	W7
	satrapēs	n.masc	satrap	W7
Iranian
Old Persian:	khshathra-pāvā	n	satrap, lit. province-protector	AHD
	pā	vb	to protect	LRC
Persian:	pād	vb.ptc	protecting (against)	AHD/W7
	pādzahr	n	bezoar, lit. poison protector	AHD
Indic
Sanskrit:	pāti	vb	to protect	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
ptc	=	participle
str	=	strong (inflection)
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
SAO	=	Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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