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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: peisk-, pisk- 'fish'

Semantic Field: Fish (n)

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Irish:	iasg/iasc	n.masc	fish	ASD
Gaelic:	iasg/ēisg	n.masc	fish	ASD
Cornish:	pesc/pise/pysc	n.masc	fish	ASD
Welsh:	pysg	n.masc	fish	ASD
English
Old English:	fisc	n.masc	fish	ASD
Middle English:	fish	n	fish	W7
	grapay	n	grampus	W7
	graspey	n	grampus	W7
	piscarie	n	piscary	W7
	Pisces	prop.n	Pisces	W7
	porpoys	n	porpoise	W7
English:	fish	n	aquatic vertibrate animal	AHD/W7
	grampus	n	small cetacean	AHD/W7
	lut(e)fisk	n	traditional Scandinavian fish gelatin	AHD/W2I
	piscary	n	fishery	AHD/W7
	piscatorial	adj	re: fish/fishing	AHD
	piscatory	adj	re: fishing/fishermen	W7
	Pisces	prop.n	zodiacal constellation	AHD/W7
	pisci-	pfx	re: fish	AHD
	piscina	n	basin with drain near church altar	AHD/W7
	piscine	adj	re: fish	AHD/W7
	porpoise	n	small gregarious toothed whale	AHD/W7
	repechage	n	additional trial heat (in rowing)	AHD
	weakfish	n	marine percoid food fish	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	fisk	n	fish	ASD
Frisian:	fisck	n	fish	ASD
Dutch:	vis(ch)	n.masc	fish	ASD/W7
	walvisch	n	whale	TLL
	weekvis	n	weakfish	W7
Old Saxon:	fisc/visc	n.masc	fish	ASD
Low German:	fisk	n.masc	fish	ASD
Old High German:	fisc	n.masc	fish	ASD
Middle High German:	visch	n.masc	fish	ASD
German:	Fisch	n.masc	fish	ASD
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	fiskr	n.masc	fish	ASD
Norwegian:	lutfisk	n	lutfisk, lit. lye-fish	W2I
Danish:	fisk	n.masc/fem	fish	ASD
Swedish:	fisk	n.masc	fish	ASD
	lutfisk	n	lutfisk, lit. lye-fish	W2I
E-Germanic
Gothic:	fisks	n.str.masc	fish	LRC
Crimean Gothic:	*fisch/fisct	n	fish	CGo
Italic
Latin:	piscarius	adj	re: fish	W7
	Pisces	prop.n.masc.pl	Pisces, lit. Fish	W7
	piscina	n.fem	fish-pond	W7
	piscis	n.masc	fish	W7
Medieval Latin:	piscaria	n.fem	fishery	W7
	piscina	n.fem	fish-pond, swimming pool	W7
	porcopiscis	n.fem	porpoise	W7
Middle French:	graspeis	n.masc	grampus	W7
	porpois	n.masc	porpoise	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pfx	=	prefix
pl	=	plural (number)
prop	=	proper
str	=	strong (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CGo	=	MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W2I	=	Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language, 2nd ed. (1959)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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