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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

Fans of J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings may appreciate the source & meaning tips that pop up when the mouse pointer hovers over a non-obvious word or name that he coined from Indo-European (usually Old English or Old Norse) stock. But only reflexes of PIE etyma can be included, and these tend to concentrate in the vocabulary of Rohan and the Shire.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 6. pel- 'gray, dull color; pallor'

Semantic Fields: White; Light in Color

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	fealg	n	piece of plowed land	W7
	fealo/fealu	adj	fallow, tawny, pale (yellow)	IEW/ASD
	fealu	n.neut	fallow ground	ASD
Middle English:	appallen	vb	to become pale	W7
	falcon	n	falcon	W7
	falow	adj	fallow	W7
	falwe	n	fallow	W7
	gerfaucun	n	gyrfalcon, arctic falcon	W7
	pale	adj	pale	W7
	palen	vb	to pale	W7
English:	appall	vb	to fail, weaken	AHD/W7
	falcon	n	(trained) hawk: bird predator	AHD/W7
	Fallohide	prop.n	hobbit clan in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings	LRC
	fallow	adj	dusky, light yellowish brown	AHD/W7
	fallow	n	plowed land	AHD/W7
	fauvism	n	art characterized by free form/vivid color	AHD/W7
	gyrfalcon	n	large arctic falcon	AHD/W7
	pale	adj	pallid, deficient in color	AHD/W7
	pale	vb	to make/become pale/pallid	AHD/W7
	pallid	adj	wan, deficient in color	AHD/W7
	pallor	n	paleness, deficiency in color	AHD/W7
	palomino	n	pale-colored horse	AHD/W7
	pelargonium	n	southern African herb in geranium family	AHD/W7
	polio	n	poliomyelitis	LRC
	poliomyelitis	n	acute infectious viral disease involving muscular atrophy/paralysis	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	falcho	n	falcon	W7
	falo	adj	pale, fallow	W7
German:	Falke	n.masc	falcon	LRC
Italic
Latin:	palleo, pallēre	vb	to be pale	W7
	pallesco, pallescere	vb	to become pale	W7
	pallidus	adj	pale	W7
	pallor	n.masc	paleness	W7
	palumbes	n.masc	ringdove	W7
	palumbinus	adj	of doves	W7
Late Latin:	falco, falconis	n	falcon	W7
New Latin:	pelargonium	n.neut	plant(s) in geranium family	W7
	poliomyelitis	n.fem	polio	W7
Portuguese:	falcão	n	falcon	TLL
Spanish:	halcón	n	falcon	TLL
	palomino	n.masc	chick, dove offspring	W7
Old French:	apalir	vb	to grow pale	W7
Middle French:	apalir	vb	to grow pale	W7
	girfaucon	n.masc	gyrfalcon	W7
	pâle	adj	pale	W7
French:	faucon	n.masc	falcon	W7
	fauve	n.masc	wild animal	W7
	fauvisme	n.masc	fauvism (art movement)	W7
	pâlir	vb	to grow pale	W7
Italian:	falcone	n	falcon	TLL
Hellenic
Greek:	pelargos	n.masc	stork	W7
	peleia	n.fem	dove	W7
	polios	adj	gray	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prop	=	proper
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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