The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: sā-, sə- 'enough, satiate, sufficient'

Semantic Field: Enough

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	sadian	vb	to sate	AHD
	sæd	adj	sated; weary	W7
Middle English:	sad	adj	sad	W7
English:	assai	adv	very	AHD/W7
	asset	n	property of deceased subject to seizure for debt payment	AHD/W7
	hadron	n	subatomic particle subject to strong force	AHD
	sad	adj	downcast, affected with/expressive of grief/unhappiness	AHD/W7
	sate	vb	to fill, glut, satiate	AHD
	satiate	adj	sated, satiated	W7
	satiate	vb.trans	to satisfy fully	AHD/W7
	satiety	n	surfeit, fullness	AHD/W7
	satire	n	literary work holding up vices/follies to scorn/ridicule	AHD/W7
	saturate	vb.trans	to surfeit, cloy with overabundance	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old Saxon:	sad	adj	sated	ASD
Old Low German:	sad	adj	sated	ASD
Old High German:	sat	adj	sated	W7
	satōn	vb	to sate, satisfy	ASD
German:	gesättigt	adj	sated	LRC
	satt	adj	full	LRC
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	saðr/saddr	adj	sated	ASD
	seðja	vb	to sate, satisfy	ASD
E-Germanic
Gothic:	saþs	adj	sated	ASD
Italic
Latin:	satiatus	vb.ptc	sated	W7
	satietas, satietatis	n.fem	satiety	W7
	satio, satiare	vb	to sate, be full, have enough	W7
	satira	n.fem	medley, mixed poetic genre	W7
	satis	adv	enough, adequately, sufficiently	LRC
	satur	adj	sated	W7
	satura	n.fem	medley, mixed poetic genre	W7
	saturatus	vb.ptc	saturated	W7
	saturo, saturāre	vb	to saturate	W7
Middle Latin:	satis	adv	enough	CDC
Portuguese:	assaz/assas	n	assets	CDC
Old Spanish:	asaz	n	assets	CDC
Old French:	as(s)ez/as(s)et	n	asset(s)	CDC
	assez	adv	enough	W7
Anglo-French:	as(s)etz	n.masc	property sufficient to pay debts/legacies	W7/CDC
Middle French:	satieté	n.fem	satiety	W7
	satire	n.fem	satire, mocking	W7
French:	assez	n	assets	CDC
Old Occitan:	assatz	n	assets	CDC
Italian:	assai	adv	(very) much	W7/CID
	assai	n	assets	CDC
Hellenic
Greek:	ἁδρός	adj	thick, strong, full-grown	AHD/LS

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
CID	=	Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
LS	=	Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev.
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next