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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: sak- 'to sanctify, make a treaty'

Semantic Fields: Holy, Sacred; Oath

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	consecraten	vb	to consecrate	W7
	sacerdotal	adj	sacerdotal	W7
	sacred	adj	sacred	W7
	sacren	vb	to consecrate	W7
	saint	n	saint	W7
	secresteyn	n	sexton	W7
	sexteyn	n	sexton	W7
English:	consecrate	vb.trans	to induct into permanent office with religious rite	AHD/W7
	corposant	n	Saint Elmo's fire	AHD/W7
	execrate	vb.trans	to put under curse	AHD/W7
	sacerdotal	adj	priestly, re: priests/priesthood	AHD/W7
	sacred	adj	set apart for service/worship of deity	AHD/W7
	sacrosanct	adj	sacred, inviolable	AHD/W7
	saint	n	one officially recognized as holy/preeminent	AHD/W7
	sanctum	n	sacred place	AHD/W7
	sexton	n	church officer/employee who cares for property	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	consecratus	vb.ptc	consecrated, dedicated	W7
	consecro, consecrare	vb	to consecrate, dedicate	W7
	exsecratus	vb.ptc	imprecated	W7
	exsecror, exsecrāri	vb.dep	to imprecate	W7
	sacer	adj	holy	W7
	sacerdos, sacerdotis	n.masc	priest	W7
	sacerdotalis	adj	re: priest/priesthood	W7
	sacio, sacire	vb	to make sacred	W7
	sacr-	pfx	holy	W7
	sacro, sacrare	vb	to consecrate	W7
	sacrosanctus	adj	sacrosanct	W7
	sanciō, sancīre, sānxī, sānctum	vb	to enact, make holy	LRC
	sanctus, sancta, sanctum	adj	holy, sacred	LRC
Late Latin:	sanctum	adj.neut	holy, saint	W7
	sanctus	adj	holy, saint	W7
Medieval Latin:	sacristanus	n.masc	sacristan	W7
Old French:	sacrer	vb	to make holy	W7
Middle French:	sacerdotal	adj	re: priest/priesthood	W7
	saint	adj	sacred	W7
	secrestain	n.masc	sacristan	W7
Portuguese:	corpo-santo	n.masc	holy body	W7
Anatolian
Hittite:	sāklāis	n	rite	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)