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Indo-European Lexicon

Pokorny Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European etymon from Pokorny, with an English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principle parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear at the end. All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on corrections may be made and/or more reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. sal- 'salt; brackish water'

Semantic Fields: Salt; Water

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Old Irish:	salann	n	salt	LRC
English
Old English:	sealt	n.neut	salt	W7
	sealt-ȳð	n.str.fem	lit. salt-wave	LRC
Middle English:	cylte	n	silt	W7
	salade	n	salad	W7
	salarie	n	salary	W7
	saline	adj	saline	W7
	salt	n	salt	W7
	sauce	n	sauce	W7
	sausige	n	sausage	W7
	sousen	vb	to souse	W7
English:	salad	n	raw vegetables served with dressing	AHD/W7
	salami	n	highly seasoned pork/beef sausage	AHD/W7
	salary	n	stipend, fixed compensation paid for services	AHD/W7
	sali-	pfx	salt	AHD/W7
	saline	adj	containing/consisting of salt	AHD/W7
	salt	adj	salty, saline	AHD/W7
	salt	n	sodium chloride (used to season/preserve food)	AHD/W7
	sauce	n	condiment/relish for food	AHD/W7
	sausage	n	highly seasoned minced meat stuffed in intestinal casings	AHD/W7
	silt	n	loose sedimentary material with tiny rock particles	AHD/W7
	souse	vb	to pickle	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	salz	n	salt	W7
	sulza	n	brine	W7
	sulza	n	salt marsh	W7
N-Germanic
Danish:	sylt	n	salt marsh	W7
E-Germanic
Gothic:	salt	n	salt	LRC
Italic
Latin:	sāl, salis	n.masc	salt, brine, sea(water)	W7
	salarium	n.neut	salary, salt money, pension	W7
	salarius	adj	of salt	W7
	salinus	adj	of salt	W7
	sallo, sallere	vb	to salt	W7
	salsus	adj	salted	W7
Late Latin:	salsicia	n.fem	sausage	W7
Italian:	salame	n.masc	salami	W7
	salami	n.masc	salami	W7
	salare	vb	to salt	W7
	sale	n.masc	salt	W7
Old North French:	saussiche	n.fem	sausage	W7
Middle French:	salade	n.fem	salad	W7
	sauce	n.fem	sauce, gravy	W7
Old Provencal:	sal	n.masc	salt	W7
	salada	n.fem	salad	W7
	salar	vb	to salt	W7
Baltic
Latvian:	sāls	n	salt	LRC
Slavic
Old Church Slavonic:	solь	n.fem	salt	LRC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	ἅλς	n.masc	salt	LRC
Armenian
Classical Armenian:	ał	n	salt	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	sal-ilá	n	sea	LRC
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	sāle	n	salt	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)