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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: sei-, soi- 'to drip, be damp'

Semantic Fields: Rain (n); Wet, Damp

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
Celtic
Welsh:	hufen	n	cream	LRC
English
English:	-(a)emia	n.sfx	disease/condition re: blood	AHD/W7
	anemia	n	blood deficient in volume/hemoglobin/red blood cells	AHD/W7
	hematic	adj	re: blood	AHD
	hematite	n	iron ore, reddish mineral	AHD
	hemat(o)-	pfx	blood	AHD
	hem(o)-	pfx	blood	AHD
	hemorrhage	n	blood leakage from vein/artery	AHD/W7
	hemostatic	adj	re: stopping bleeding	W7
	ischemia	n	tissue anemia due to arterial blood obstruction	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	honingzeem	n	virgin honey	LRC
Old Saxon:	sêm	n	thick liquid; nectar of flowers	KSW
Low German:	seem	n	thick flowing liquid	SAO
Old High German:	seim	n	thick liquid; flower nectar	KDW
	seim-honag	n	flower nectar	LRC
	wazzar-seim	n	crowfoot (plant whose leaves yield toxic/medicinal oil)	KDW
German:	Seim	n	thick liquid flow/excess (e.g. honey, barley-water)	LRC
	seimen	vb.arch	to press/strain/separate with thick liquid as product (e.g. honey from wax)	SAO
	Seimhonig/Honigseim	n.arch	virgin honey	LRC
	seimig	adj	thick, ropy, viscid	LRC
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	hunangs-seimr	n	virgin honey	LRC
	seimr	n	honeycomb; virgin honey	KNW
Danish:	sime	vb.dial	to drip, drop (of honey)
Swedish:	simma	vb.trans	to skim (milk); press/strain/separate with thick liquid as product	SAO
	simmig	adj	thick, viscid, cloudy	SAO
Gutnish:	saima	vb.refl	to become thick (liquid)	SAO
Italic
Latin:	haemorrhagia	n.fem	hemorrhage	W7
New Latin:	-(a)emia	sfx	disease/condition re: blood	W7
	anemia	n.fem	anemia, bloodlessness	W7
French:	hémorrhagie	n.fem	hemorrhage	W7
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	ἇιμα	n.neut	blood, carnage, bloodshed	LRC
Greek:	haimorrhagia	n.fem	hemorrhage	W7
	anaimia	n.fem	anemia, bloodlessness	W7
	ischaimos	adj	hemostatic, holding blood	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
arch	=	archaic
dial	=	dialectal
fem	=	feminine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
pfx	=	prefix
refl	=	reflexive
sfx	=	suffix
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
KDW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993)
KNW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
KSW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed. (2000)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
SAO	=	Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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