The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 4. sel- 'to jump, leap, spring, exult'

Semantic Fields: to Jump, Leap; Joy

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	as(s)ailen	vb.trans	to assail	W7/CDC
	assaut/asaut(e)	n	assault	W7/CDC
	resulten	vb	to result	W7
	samon	n	salmon	W7
English:	assail	vb.trans	to attack violently with words/blows	AHD/W7
	assault	n	violent verbal/physical attack	AHD/W7
	desultory	adj	lacking definite plan/purpose/regularity	AHD/W7
	dissilient	adj	bursting open, flying asunder	AHD/CDC
	exult	vb.intrans	to leap for joy	AHD/W7
	halter	n	club-shaped organ in dipterous insect	AHD/W7
	insult	vb	to vaunt, behave with pride/arrogance	AHD/W7
	resile	vb.intrans	to retract, recoil	AHD/W7
	result	vb.intrans	to end, terminate, arise/proceed as effect/consequence/conclusion	AHD/W7
	salacious	adj	lascivious, arousing sexual desire/imagination	AHD/W7
	salient	adj	jumping, moving by leaps/springs	AHD/W7
	sally	n	action of rushing/bursting forth	AHD/W7
	sally	vb	to leap out, burst forth	W7
	salmon	n	large soft-finned anadromous fish	AHD/W7
	saute	n	sauteed dish	AHD/W7
	somersault	n	leap/jump turning heels over head	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	zalm	n	salmon	TLL
Italic
Latin:	adsilio, adsilire	vb.trans	to assail, leap upon	CDC
	assilio, assilīre	vb	to assail, leap upon	W7
	dēsilio, dēsilīre, dēsilui, dēsultum	vb	to dismount, leap down	W7
	desultorius	adj	desultory	W7
	exsulto, exsultāre	vb	to exult, leap up	W7
	halter	n.masc	jumping weight	W7
	insulto, insultāre	vb	to insult, spring upon	W7
	resilio, resilire	vb	to resile	W7
	resulto, resultāre	vb	to result, rebound, resound	W7
	salax, salacis	adj	lustful, salacious, fond of leaping	W7
	saliens, salientis	vb.pres.ptc	salient, leaping	W7
	salio, salīre, salui, saltum	vb	to leap, jump, spring	W7
	salmo, salmonis	n.masc	salmon	W7
	salto, saltare	vb	to jump, dance	W7
Vulgar Latin:	assalio, assalīre	vb	to assault, leap upon	W7
	assaltus	vb.ptc	assaulted	W7
Late Latin:	resilio, resilīre	vb	to resile, withdraw	W7
Middle Latin:	adsalire/assalire	vb.trans	to assail	CDC
	assaltus	n	assault, attack	CDC
Portuguese:	assalto	n	assault	CDC
Spanish:	asalto	n	assault	CDC
Old French:	asaillir/asalir	vb.trans	to assail	W7/CDC
	assaut/as(s)alt	n.masc	assault	W7/CDC
	saillie	n.fem	sally	W7
	saillir	vb	to sally, rush forward	W7
Middle French:	insulter	vb	to insult	W7
	samon	n.masc	salmon	W7
	sombresaut	n.masc	leap, somersault	W7
French:	assaut	n	assault	CDC
	exulter	vb	to exult	W7
	saut	n.masc	leap	W7
	sauter	vb	to jump	W7
Old Occitan:	asalir/assalhir	vb.trans	to assail	CDC
	assaut	n	assault	CDC
Italian:	assalire	vb.trans	to assail	CDC
	assalto	n	assault	CDC
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	ἅλλομαι	vb	to leap, spring	LRC
Greek:	haltēr	n.masc	jumping weight	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pres	=	present (tense)
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next