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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: selp- 'salve, fat, butter'

Semantic Field: Butter

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	salf/sealf(e)	n.fem	salve	RPN
Middle English:	salfe/s(e)alve	n	salve	CDC
English:	quacksalver	n	quack, charlatan	AHD/W7
	salve	n	healing ointment	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Dutch:	kwakzalver	n	quacksalver	W7
	zalf	n	salve	CDC
Old Saxon:	salƀa/salbha	n	salve	RPN/CDC
Middle Low German:	salve	n	salve	CDC
Old High German:	salb(a)	n	salve	RPN/ASD
Middle High German:	salbe	n	salve	CDC
German:	Quacksalber	n.masc	quacksalver	LRC
	Salbe	n.fem	salve	LRC
N-Germanic
Danish:	salve	n	salve	CDC
Swedish:	salfva	n	salve	CDC
E-Germanic
Gothic:	salbōn	vb	to anoint	RPN
	salbōns	n	salve	RPN
Albanian
Albanian:	gjalpë	n	oil, butter	RPN
Hellenic
Greek:	ἔλπος	n	butter	RPN
	ὄλπη	n.fem	(leather) oil flask	RPN
	ὄλπις	n	(leather) oil flask	RPN
Indic
Sanskrit:	sarpíṣ-	n	ghee, clarified butter	RPN
	sṛprá-ḥ	adj	oily, slippery	RPN
Tocharian
Tocharian B:	ṣalype	n	grease, ointment	RPN
	ṣalywe	n	grease, ointment	RPN
Tocharian A:	ṣälyp	n	grease, ointment	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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