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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: 4. ser- 'to insert, line up, put/bind together'

Semantic Fields: to Join, Unite; to Bind

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Middle English:	consort	n	consort	W7
	sermon	n	sermon	W7
	sort	n	sort	W7
English:	assert	vb.trans	to state/declare positively	AHD/W7
	assort	vb	to classify, distribute into groups of like kind	AHD/W7
	consort	n	associate	AHD/W7
	consort	n	conjunction, association	AHD/W7
	desert	vb	to leave, withdraw from	AHD/W7
	dissertate	vb.intrans	to dissert, discourse	AHD/W7
	ensorcel(l)	vb	to bewitch/enchant, wrap/bind with thrown rope	AHD
	exert	vb.trans	to put forth (e.g. strength)	AHD/W7
	exsert	vb.trans	to put/thrust out	AHD/W7
	insert	vb	to put/thrust in	AHD/W7
	sear	n	catch that holds weapon's hammer/release at cock	AHD/W7
	series	n	number of things/events (of same class) one after another	AHD/W7
	sermon	n	public religious discourse delivered in worship service	AHD/W7
	serried	adj	pressed, crowded, compacted in regular lines	AHD/CDC
	sertularian	n	delicate branching hydriods	AHD/W7
	sorcerer	n	wizard, one who practices sorcery	AHD/W7
	sorcery	n	necromancy, use of evil spirit's power	W7
	sort	n	kind, class, group defined by characteristic(s) in common	AHD/W7
Italic
Latin:	adserō, adserere	vb	to assert	CDC
	asserō, asserere, asseruī, assertum	vb	to assert, affirm	W7
	consors	adj	sharing a common lot	W7
	desertus	vb.ptc	deserted	W7
	dissertatus	vb.ptc	argued	W7
	disserto, dissertare	vb	to argue, discuss	W7
	dissertus	vb.ptc	examined	W7
	exsero, exserere	vb	to thrust out	W7
	exsertus	vb.ptc	thrust out	W7
	insero, inserere	vb	to join in	W7
	insertus	vb.ptc	joined, attached, inserted	W7
	sera	n.fem	bar fastening door	W7
	series	n.fem	chain, series	W7
	sermo	n.masc	speech, conversation	W7
	serō, serere	vb	to join together	W7
	serta	n.fem	wreath, garland	W7
	sertula	n.fem	small crown	W7
	sertus	vb.ptc	joined	W7
	sors, sortis	n.fem	lot, share, chance	W7
	sortior, sortīrī	vb.dep	to allot, select, distribute, cast lots	CDC
Late Latin:	deserto, desertāre	vb	to desert, abandon	W7
	sero, serāre	vb	to bolt, latch	W7
Middle Latin:	*assortare	vb	to allot, select, distribute, cast lots	CDC
Medieval Latin:	sermo, sermonis	n.masc	speech in church	W7
	sors, sortis	n.fem	chance, fortune	W7
New Latin:	Sertularia	n.fem	(genus name)	W7
Spanish:	asortir	vb	to assort	CDC
Old French:	assorter	vb	to assort	CDC
	sermon	n.masc	speech in church	W7
Middle French:	assortir	vb	to assort	W7
	consort	adj	re: associate, one who shares	W7
	serre	n.fem	claws of eagles/falcons	W7
	serrer	vb	to press, grasp	W7
	sorte	n.fem	sort	W7
French:	assortier	vb	to assort	CDC
	déserter	vb	to desert, abandon	W7
Old Italian:	assortare	vb	to assort	CDC
Italian:	assortire	vb	to assort	CDC
Baltic
Old Lithuanian:	sėris	n	(cobbler's) thread	RPN
Hellenic
Homeric Greek:	εἴρω	vb	to string together in rows	RPN
	ἕρμα	n	band, noose, earring; snake coils	RPN
	ὅρμος	n.masc	chain, necklace	LRC
Indic
Sanskrit:	sará-ḥ	n	cord, string	RPN
	sarat	n	thread	RPN
	sirā́	n	vein, nerve, tendon	RPN
Prakrit:	sarā	n	string, garland, necklace	RPN
	sirā	n	vein, sinew	RPN
Oriya:	sarā	n	string (of garlands, etc.)	RPN
	sari	n	string (of garlands, etc.)	RPN
	sira	n	vein, artery	RPN
	sirāḷa	adj	having conspicuous veins	RPN
Tocharian
Tocharian A:	sar-	n	vein	RPN

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
dep	=	deponent
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN	=	Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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