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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: seug- 'sad, sick, grievous, afflicted'

Semantic Fields: Sad; Sick; Sickness; Grief, Sorrow

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	seōc	adj	sick	CDC
Middle English:	se(e)ken/siiken/syken	vb	to sicken	CDC
	sic/syk/sik(e)/se(o)k	adj	sick	CDC
English:	sick	adj	ill, having disease	CDC
	sicken	vb	to fall ill, become sick	LRC
	sickness	n	illness, malady	W7
W-Germanic
Old Frisian:	siak/s(i)ek	adj	sick	CDC
Middle Dutch:	siek	adj	sick	CDC
Dutch:	ziekte	n	sickness	TLL
Old Saxon:	seok/siak/siec/sioc/siok	adj	sick	CDC/ASD
Old High German:	sieh/sioh/siuh	adj	sick	ASD/CDC
	siuchan/siuhhan	vb	to sicken	CDC
German:	siech	adj	sick	ASD
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	sjūkr	adj	sick	CDC
Danish:	syg	adj	sick	CDC
	syge	n	sickness	TLL
Swedish:	sjuk	adj	sick	CDC
	sjuka	n	sickness	TLL
E-Germanic
Gothic:	siukan	vb.str	to sicken	CDC
	siuks	adj	sick	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
n	=	noun
str	=	strong (inflection)
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC	=	W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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