The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: (s)kerb(h)-, (s)kreb(h)-, nasalized (s)kremb- 'to curve, turn'

Semantic Field: to Turn

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	hearpe/hærpe	n.fem	harp	IEW/ASD
	*hrimpan	vb	to rumple	IEW
Middle English:	harp	n	harp	W7
	rampen	vb	to ramp	W7
	scorchen	vb	to scorch	W7
	scorcnen	vb	to scorch	W7
	shrimpe	n	shrimp	W7
English:	crambe	n	rhyming game	AHD/W7
	crambo	n	rhyming game	AHD/W7
	harp	n	instrument with many strings plucked by fingers	W7
	ramp	n	slope, inclined surface, bend/curve where rail/coping changes direction	AHD/W7
	ramp	vb.intrans	to be rampant, stand/advance menacingly	AHD/W7
	ramp	vb.obs	to creep, crawl	OED
	rimple	n	fold, wrinkle	AHD
	rumple	vb	to crumple, wrinkle	AHD/W7
	scorch	vb	to burn surface (changing color/texture)	AHD/W7
	scrimp	vb	to be cheap/tight in providing for	AHD/W7
	shrimp	n	small marine decapod crustacean	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Middle Dutch:	rimpen	vb	to bend, curve, rumple	IEW
Dutch:	korf	n	basket	TLL
	rompelen	vb	to rumple	W7
Old High German:	har(p)fa	n	harp	IEW
	(h)rimfan/rimpfan	vb	to be shrunk, rumpled	IEW
	korb	n	basket	KDW
German:	Harfe	n.fem	harp	ASD
	Korb	n	basket	TLL
	Rampe	n.fem	ramp	LRC
	rümpfen	vb	to bend, curve, rumple	IEW
N-Germanic
Old Norse:	skorpna	vb	to shrivel up	W7
	skreppa	vb	to slip	LRC
Old Icelandic:	harpa	n	harp	IEW
Icelandic:	harpa	n	harp	ASD
Danish:	kurv	n	basket	TLL
Swedish:	korg	n	basket	SAO/TLL
	skrympa	vb	to shrink	W7
Italic
Latin:	corbis	n	basket	LRC
Old French:	ramper	vb	to ramp, climb	OED
French:	rampe	n.fem	ramp, handrail	W7
	ramper	vb	to grovel, ramp: creep	OED

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
intrans	=	intransitive
n	=	noun
obs	=	obsolete
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
KDW	=	Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
OED	=	James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933)
SAO	=	Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011)
TLL	=	Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next