The University of Texas at Austin; College of Liberal Arts

Hans C. Boas, Director :: PCL 5.556, 1 University Station S5490 :: Austin, TX 78712 :: 512-471-4566

Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: (s)keup-, skeub(h)- 'sheaf, bunch, flock, etc.'

Semantic Field: to Gather, Collect

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	scēaf	n.masc	sheaf, bundle	W7
	sc(e)oppa	n.masc	shop	W7/IEW/ASD
	scypen(n)	n.fem	shippen	IEW/ASD
Middle English:	hoppe	n	hop	W7
	sheef	n	sheaf	W7
	shoppe	n	shop	W7
English:	hop	n	twining vine	AHD/W7
	hops	n.pl	ripe dried hop catkins flavoring malt liquor	W7
	sheaf	n	ears/stalks of cereal grass bound together	AHD/W7
	shippen	n	shed, stall	IEW
	shop	n	atelier, shed/booth for work/trade	IEW/W7/ASD
W-Germanic
Dutch:	schoof	n	sheaf, bundle	ASD
Old High German:	hopfo	n	hop	W7
	scoub	n	sheaf	W7
German:	Hopfen	n.masc	hop, hops	LRC
	Schaub	n	sheaf, bundle	ASD
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	skanf	n	fox's brush	ASD
Slavic
Russian:	chub	n	forelock	W7

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
pl	=	plural (number)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
IEW	=	Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etyma: previous | next