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Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Note: this page is for systems/browsers with Unicode^® support and fonts spanning the Unicode 3 character set relevant to Indo-European languages. Versions of this page rendered in alternate character sets are available via links (see Unicode 2 and ISO-8859-1) in the left margin.

Pokorny Etymon: smeit-, smit- 'to throw'

Semantic Field: to Throw

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language	Reflex(es)	PoS/Gram.	Gloss	Source(s)
English
Old English:	hlāfmæsse/hlāfmesse	n.fem	Lammas, lit. loaf-mass	W7/ASD
	mæsse/messe	n.fem	mass	W7/ASD
Middle English:	admitten	vb	to admit	W7
	Christemasse	prop.n	Christmas	W7
	committen	vb	to commit	W7
	compromise	n	compromise	W7
	Lammasse	prop.n	Lammas	W7
	martinmasse	n	Martinmas	W7
	mass(e)	n	mass	W7
	mes	n	mess	W7
	message	n	message	W7
	mychelmesse	n	Michaelmas	W7
	omitten	vb	to omit	W7
	premisse	n	premise	W7
	promis	n	promise	W7
	remitten	vb	to remit	W7
	submitten	vb	to submit	W7
	surmisen	vb	to surmise, accuse	W7
	transmitten	vb	to transmit	W7
English:	admit	vb	to permit, allow scope for	AHD/W7
	Christmas	prop.n	December 25, lit. Christ mass	AHD/W7
	commit	vb	to entrust, put into charge/trust	AHD/W7
	compromise	n	process/result of settlement by consent/arbitration	AHD/W7
	demit	vb	to dismiss	AHD/W7
	dismiss	vb.trans	to cause/permit to leave	AHD/W7
	emit	vb.trans	to give/throw off/out (e.g. light)	AHD/W7
	intermit	vb	to discontinue, cause to cease (at intervals)	AHD/W7
	intromit	vb.trans	to insert, send/put in	AHD/W7
	Lammas	prop.n	mass on August 1	AHD/W7
	Martinmas	prop.n	November 11, lit. Martin's mass	AHD/W7
	mass	n	sequence of prayers/ceremonies forming eucharistic office	AHD/W7
	mess	n	quantity of food	AHD/W7
	message	n	communication in speech/writing/signals	AHD/W7
	Michaelmas	prop.n	archangel Michael's mass (September 29)	LRC
	missile	adj	able to be thrown/projected to strike distant target	AHD/W7
	mission	n	act/instance of sending	AHD/W7
	missive	n	letter, written message	AHD
	omit	vb.trans	to leave out/unmentioned	AHD/W7
	permit	vb	to consent to expressly/formally	AHD/W7
	premise	n	proposition antecedently supposed/proved as basis of argument/inference	AHD/W7
	pretermit	vb.trans	to omit, let pass without notice/mention	AHD/W7
	promise	n	declaration re: doing something	AHD/W7
	remit	vb	to release from guilt/penalty	AHD/W7
	submit	vb	to yield to authority/governance	AHD/W7
	surmise	vb.trans	to guess, infer/imagine on slight grounds	AHD/W7
	transmit	vb	to forward, send/transfer to another person/place	AHD/W7
W-Germanic
Old High German:	messa/missa	n	mass	ASD
Middle High German:	messe	n	mass	ASD
German:	Messe	n	mass	ASD
N-Germanic
Icelandic:	messa	n	mass	ASD
Italic
Latin:	admitto, admittere	vb	to send, let loose	W7
	committere	vb.ptc	to connect, entrust	W7
	compromissum	n.neut	mutual agreement	W7
	compromissus	vb.ptc	mutually agreed	W7
	compromitto, compromittere	vb	to promise mutually	W7
	dimissus	vb.ptc	sent forth/away	W7
	dimitto, dimittere	vb	to send forth/away	W7
	ēmittō, ēmittere, ēmīsī, ēmīssum	vb	to send out	LRC
	intermitto, intermittere	vb	to intermit	W7
	intromitto, intromittere	vb	to send/allow in	W7
	missa	vb.ptc.fem	dismissed, sent away	W7
	missilis	adj	possible to throw	W7
	missio	n.fem	act of sending	W7
	missus	vb.ptc	sent away	W7
	mittō, mittere, mīsī, missum	vb	to send, give, let go	LRC
	omitto, omittere	vb	to omit, forget	W7
	permitto, permittere	vb	to permit, let through	W7
	praemissus	vb.ptc	sent first/ahead	W7
	praemitto, praemittere	vb	to place ahead	W7
	praeter	adv/prep	beyond, past, by	W7
	praetermitto, praetermittere	vb	to omit, pass by	W7
	promissum	n.neut	promise	W7
	promissus	vb.ptc	promised	W7
	promitto, promittere	vb	to promise, send forth	W7
	remitto, remittere	vb	to send back	W7
	submitto, submittere	vb	to lower, submit	W7
	supermitto, supermittere	vb	to throw on	W7
	transmitto, transmittere	vb	to transmit	W7
Vulgar Latin:	messa	n.fem	dismissal at end of religious service	W7
Late Latin:	missus	n.masc	course at meal	W7
	missus	vb.ptc	sent	W7
Medieval Latin:	missaticum	n.neut	message	W7
New Latin:	missio, missionis	n.fem	religious mission	W7
Old French:	a(d)mettre	vb	to admit	AHD
	mes	n.masc	course at meal	W7
	message	n.masc	message	W7
Middle French:	compromis	n.masc	compromise	W7
	demettre	vb	to dismiss	W7
	prémisse	n.fem	assumption in argument	W7
	surmetre	vb	to surmise, throw on	W7
	surmis	vb.ptc	surmised, thrown on	W7
Albanian
Albanian:	mision	n.masc	mission	LRC

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev.		Meaning
adj	=	adjective
adv	=	adverb(ial)
fem	=	feminine (gender)
masc	=	masculine (gender)
n	=	noun
neut	=	neuter (gender)
prep	=	preposition
prop	=	proper
ptc	=	participle
trans	=	transitive
vb	=	verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code		Citation
AHD	=	Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD	=	Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC	=	Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
W7	=	Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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